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CryptoCurrencyBlockChain
加密货币与区块链;
Agenda
?SHAFamily
?PoS:ProofofStake
?MiningIndustry
?Wallets
?QuantumComputer;
SHAFamily;
Merkle-Damg?rdConstructionforSHA-1/SHA-2;
lOneiterationinaSHA-2familycompressionfunction
lThebluecomponentsperformthefollowingoperations
Ma(A,B,C)=(AΛB)B(AΛC)B(BΛC)
ch(E,F,G)=(EΛF)B(-E入G);
HashFunctionUsages
?DoubleSHA256,i.e.,SHA256(SHA256())
?MerkleTree
?BlockHash
?TransactionID
?RIPEMD160(SHA256())
?BitcoinAddress;
?“FindingCollisionsintheFullSHA-1”,
CRYPTO2005,LectureNotesinComputerSciencevol.3621,pp.17-36;
SHA-3CompetitionWinner:Keccak
?Designers:
?GuidoBertoni(Italy)ofSTMicroelectronics
?JoanDaemen(Belgium)ofSTMicroelectronics
?GillesVanAssche(Belgium)ofSTMicroelectronics
?Micha?lPeeters(Belgium)ofNXPSemiconductors
?Notveryfastinsoftwareimplementation,butinhardwareimplementationsitisnotablyfasterthanallotherfinalists
?Initslargestinstance,thestateconsistsofa5×5arrayof64-bitwords,1600bitstotal
?Reducedversionsaredefinedforsmallerpower-of-2wordsizeswdownto1bit(25bitstotalstate)
?Smallerstatesizescanbeusedtotestcryptanalyticattacks
?Intermediatestatesizes(e.g.,fromw=4,100bits,tow=32,800bits)alsoprovidepractical,lightweight,alternatives;
SHA-3/Keccak:
SpongeConstruction;
EthashforEthereum;
ApplicationsofHashFunctions
?VerifyingtheIntegrityofFilesorMessages
?PasswordVerification
?FileorDataIdentifier
?PseudorandomGenerationKeyDerivation
?Proof-of-Work(POW)
/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function;
ProofofStake;
ProofofWork(PoW)
lAProof-of-Work(PoW)system(orprotocol)isa
consensusmechanism,whichdetersdenialofservice
attacksandotherserviceabusessuchasspamona
networkbyrequiringsomeworkfromtheservice
requester,usuallymeaningprocessingtimebyacomputer
lAkeyfeatureoftheseschemesistheirasym
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