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开头:Inthisargument,theauthorreachestheconclusion
thatSeveralreasonsareofferedinsupportofthisargument.
Firstofall,theauthorcitesthefactthat.What’s
more,theauthorpointsoutthatAtfirstglance,theauthor’
sargumentappearstobesomewhatconvincing,butfurther
reflectionrevealsthattheconclusionisbasedonsomedubious
assumptionsandthereasoningisbiasedduetotheinadequacyand
partialityinthenatureofevidenceprovidedtojustifytheconclusion.
Acarefulexaminationwouldreviewhowgroundlessthisconclusion
is.
(1)无因果型(找他因):
TheauthorunfairlyassumsthatBisduetoA(justbecauseBhappened
afterA时序因果(B发生在A后面不代表A导致B)).However,there
isnosufficientevidencewhichcansubstantiatetheassumptionthatthere
isacause-and-effectrelationshipweenAandB.Theauthoroverlooks
thepossibilityofotheralternativefactsthatmightcontributeacertain
extenttoB.Solackingevidencetoconfirmthisassumption,itisentirely
possiblethatItisequallypossiblethatMoreover,
perhaps
Inshort,withoutconsideringandrulingoutalloftheseandother
possibilities,thecredibilityoftheauthor’sconclusionisreallyopento
doubtforthereasonthateachofthepossibilities,iftrue,wouldserveto
underminetheauthor’sconclusion.可置于所以有其他可能性的后
(2)无端假设
Mostconspicuously,theargumentrestsonthegratuitousassumption
that~~~(假设内容)Theauthor,however,citenoevidencetosupport
thisassumption.Thisassumptionisdubiousintwoaspects.Foronething,
it’sentirelypossiblethat~~~Foranother,evenitistruethat~~~themere
fact~~~doesnotnecessaryindicatethat~~~Lackingthisassumption,the
expectationof~~~to~~~isentirelyunfounded.
(3)错误类比
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