ColumbiaSIPA碳中和与液化天然气市场报告-建立一个真正的减排框架英文版31页.pdfVIP

THECARBON-NEUTRALLNGMARKET:CREATING

AFRAMEWORKFORREALEMISSIONSREDUCTIONS

BYERINBLANTONANDSAMERMOSIS

JULY2021

Asgovernmentsandcompaniesconsideroptionstodecarbonizetheirenergysystems,

addressinggreenhousegasemissionsfromnaturalgasandliquifiednaturalgas(LNG)will

inevitablybecomeagreaterconcern.Naturalgasisviewedbysomeaspotentiallyprovidinga

bridgeinabroadenergytransitionfromdependenceonfossilfuelstolower-emissionsources.

Evenwithadvancementsinrenewableenergy,manyforecastsshownaturalgaswillremain

coretomeetingglobalenergydemandforsometime,includingasabackupfuelsourcefor

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renewables.Butastheemissionsprofileofthenaturalgasvaluechainhasbecomeclearer,

estimatesofitsfootprinthaveincreased,raisingquestionsaboutnaturalgas’stransitory

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function.Whilegaswillcontinuetohaveaprominentroleintheenergymix,withoutaction

tobetteraccountfor,reduce,andoffsetnaturalgasandLNGemissions,thebreadthand

lengthofitsusewillincreasinglycomeintoquestion—includingbycountrieswithgrowing

energydemandwhoseediminishingincentivetofavornaturalgasoverhigh-emittingbut

fiscallycheapfuelsources,suchascoal.

Amidtheseconsiderations,discussionsofvaluechaincarbonintensityandgreenhouse

gas(GHG)accountingarebecominganimportantcomponentofLNGtrade,givingriseto

theconceptof“carbon-neutralLNG.”Inthetradeofcarbon-neutralLNG,GHGemissions

fromsupplyand/orconsumptionareaccountedforandoffsetbyprocuringandretiring

carboncreditsgeneratedthroughGHGabatementprojects,suchasafforestation,farm/

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soilmanagement,andmethanecollection.Currently,carbon-neutralLNGmakesupaslim

portionofglobalLNGtrade,withjus