英语中的八大时态的结构详细讲解.docxVIP

核心要素：

动词原形(BaseForm):?如?work,?go,?be,?have

第三人称单数现在式(3rdPersonSingularPresent):?通常在动词原形后加?-s?或?-es?(如?works,?goes,?is,?has)

过去式(PastTense):?规则动词加?-ed?(如?worked),不规则动词需单独记忆(如?went,?was/were,?had)

现在分词(PresentParticiple):?动词原形加?-ing?(如?working,?going,?being,?having)

过去分词(PastParticiple):?规则动词加?-ed?(如?worked),不规则动词需单独记忆(如?gone,?been,?had)

助动词(AuxiliaryVerbs):?do/does,?did,?am/is/are,?was/were,?will,?have/has,?had

1.一般现在时(SimplePresentTense)

功能:?描述习惯性动作、普遍真理、当前状态或感觉。

结构:

肯定句:?主语+动词原形(主语为第三人称单数时，动词加-s/-es)

I?work./She?works.

They?are?students./He?is?ateacher.(be动词特殊：am,?is,?are)

否定句:?主语+do/does+not+动词原形?或?主语+am/is/are+not+...

I?donot(dont)work./She?doesnot(doesnt)work.

They?arenot(arent)?students./He?isnot(isnt)?ateacher.

疑问句:?Do/Does+主语+动词原形??或?Am/Is/Are+主语+...?

Do?you?work?/?Does?she?work?

Are?theystudents?/?Is?heateacher?

2.一般过去时(SimplePastTense)

功能:?描述过去某个特定时间发生的动作或状态。

结构:

肯定句:?主语+动词过去式

I?worked./She?went.

They?were?happy./He?was?tired.(be动词过去式：was,?were)

否定句:?主语+did+not+动词原形?或?主语+was/were+not+...

I?didnot(didnt)work./She?didnot(didnt)go.

They?werenot(werent)?happy./He?wasnot(wasnt)?tired.

疑问句:?Did+主语+动词原形??或?Was/Were+主语+...?

Did?you?work?/?Did?she?go?

Were?theyhappy?/?Was?hetired?

3.一般将来时(SimpleFutureTense-常用will/shall)

功能:?描述将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。

结构(以will为例):

肯定句:?主语+will+动词原形

I?will(Ill)work./She?will(shell)go.

They?willbe?happy.(所有主语都用?will)

否定句:?主语+will+not(wont)+动词原形

I?willnot(wont)work./She?willnot(wont)go.

They?wontbe?happy.

疑问句:?Will+主语+动词原形?

Will?you?work?/?Will?she?go?

Will?they?be?happy?

注意:?shall?传统上与?I/we?连用，现代英语中?will?更通用。begoingto+动词原形?也是表示将来的常用结构。

4.现在进行时(PresentContinuous/PresentProgressiveTense)

功能:?描述此时此刻正在发生的动作，或当前一段时间内的临时情况/计划好的将来安排。

结构:

肯定句:?主语+am/is/are+现在分词(-ing)

I?amworking./She?isworking./They?areworking.

否定句:?主语+am/is/are+not+现在分词(-ing)

I?amnot(mnot)work