道教历史头衔演变及称谓概述.pdfVIP

TitleofTaoistpeople——

Transfer

Inhistory,withtheinfluenceofculturesofvariousdynasties,thelevelofTaoistpriests’

practiceanddoctrineaccomplishments,aswellastheteachingpositionstheyhold,theyare

givenrelevanttit,andtheselectionoftherequirementsisbrieflydescribedasfollows:

Tianshi:referstothedescendantofZhangLingorhisdescendant.However,therewerealso

someTaoistpriestsinlatergenerationscalledTianshi,suchasKouQianzhi(Northern

Wei),JiaoZishunofSui,HuHuichaoofTang,etc.

Master:ATaoistpriestwhoisproficientinscriptures,presidesovertheritualsoffasting,savespeople

andenterstheTao,andisworthyofbeingtheexampleofothers,iscalledamaster.Themethodoffine

channelcanmaintainhealthandeducate.Thosewhoarerolemodelsarecalledmasters.

Master:Atfirst,hemostlyreferstothosewhopracticeShangqingDharma,butlaterhegenerallycalls

himTaoistpriestswhohavereachedaveryadvancedlevelofcultivationofalchemy.

Thefounderofthevarioussectsiscalledtheancestor;theleaderofthevarioussectsiscalled

thegrandmaster.

True:TheyareusuallyrespectedasTaoistpriestswhopracticeTaoism,have

profoundTaoism,andhavebecomeimmortals.

黄冠：早期道崇尚，故世人根据道士衣冠颜色，称道士为黄冠。

羽客：亦称“羽士”、“羽人”。以鸟羽比喻仙人可飞升上天，引申为方士，进而专指

道士。后世道士多取以自号。

先生：道士的尊称或谥号、赐号。

居士：信奉道教的俗家。

方丈：对道教十方丛林最高者称谓，亦可称“住持”。方丈是受过三坛大戒，接过

传“法”，戒行精严，德高望重，受全体道众拥戴而选的道士。

监院：亦称“当家”、“住持”。由常住道众公选，为道教丛林中总管内外一切事务者。当

监院大任者，必须才全智足，通道明德，仁义谦恭，宽宏大量，弱己卫众，柔和善良，明罪

福，功行俱备。

HuangGuan:EarlyTaoistsadvocatedyellow,sopeoplecalledTaoistpriestsyellowGuanbasedonthe

colorsoftheclothesandclothesofTaoists.

Yuke:alsoknownasFeatherandFeatherMan.