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Effectsofthe2022ReconciliationAct’s
DrugProvisions:WhatHaveWeLearned
SoFarandWhatQuestionsRemain?September12,2025
PresentationtoCBO’sPanelofHealthAdvisers
AustinBarselau,BudgetAnalysisDivision
ScottLaughery,HealthAnalysisDivision
MajorDrugProvisionsofthe2022ReconciliationAct
▪DrugPriceNegotiation.ThesecretaryofHealthandHumanServicesnegotiatesprices
forcertainprescriptiondrugscoveredunderMedicarePartBandPartD.
▪InflationRebate.ManufacturersofdrugscoveredunderMedicarePartBandPartDmust
payrebatestoMedicareifthepricesofbrand-namedrugswithoutgenericorbiosimilar
competitionexceedaninflation-adjustedbenchmark.
▪PartDBenefitRedesign.Enrollees’annualout-of-pocketcostsarecappedandpremium
increasesaretemporarilylimited;PartDplans’shareofcostsbeyondtheout-of-pocket
capisincreased;manufacturersarerequiredtoprovidenewmandatorypricediscounts.
Fortheagency’soriginalcostestimateofthe2022reconciliationact,seeCongressionalBudgetOffice,“EstimatedBudgetaryEffectsofPublicLaw117-169,toProvidefor
ReconciliationPursuanttoTitleIIofS.Con.Res.14”(September7,2022),/publication/58455.1
DevelopmentsSinceCBO’sOriginalEstimateand
TheirExpectedEffectsonBudgetarySavings
CBOoriginallyestimatedthattogether,thethreedrugprovisionsofthe2022reconciliationactwould
reducethedeficitby$129billionthrough2031.
CBOhaslearnednewinformationabouttheeffectsoftheprovisions.Thatinformationsuggeststhat
theagencyprobablyoverestimatedtheamountofsavingsfromtheact’sdrugprovisions,andthe
agencyhassubsequentlychangeditsprojectionsoftheeffectsofthoseprovisions.
▪DrugPriceNegotiation:Pricereductionsforthefirstcohortofselecteddrugsweresmallerthan
expected.
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