(2.4.6)--多电子原子的薛定谔方程.pptVIP

2.4Thestructureofmany-electronatoms

(multi-electronatoms)

2.4.1Schroedingerequationofmany-electronatomse2+--e1r2r12r1

+--ManyelectronatomsHe,Z=2Predict:E1=-54.4eVActual:E1=-24.6eVSomethingiswrongwiththeBohrModel!

CentralfieldmethodSelf-consistent-field(SCF)method

SlaterapproximatemethodforcentralfieldZ*:Effectivenuclearcharge?:Screenconstantn*:EffectiveprincipalquantumnumberThepresenceofotherelectronsaroundanucleus“screens”anelectronfromthefullchargeofthenucleus.n*=n(whenn?3)n*=3.7(whenn=4)n*=4.0(whenn=5)Howab