亚历山大大帝建立希腊世界与马其顿崛起.pdfVIP

ALEXANDERTHEGREAT

ALEXANDERTHEMACEDONIANESTABLISHESAGREEK

WORLD-EMPIRE,ANDWHATBECAMEOFTHISHIGHAMBITION

WHENtheAchaeanshadlefttheirhomesalongthebanksoftheDanube

tolookforpasturesnew,theyhadspentsometimeamongthemountainsof

Macedonia.Eversince,theGreekshadmaintainedcertainmoreorsformal

relationswiththepeopleofthisnortherncountry.TheMacedoniansfromtheir

sidehadkeptthemselveswellinformedaboutconditionsinGreece.

Nowithappened,justwhenSpartaandAthenshadfinishedtheirdisastrous

warfortheleadershipofHellas,thatMacedoniawasruledbyanextraordinarily

clevermanbythenameofPhilip.HeadmiredtheGreekspiritinlettersandart

buthedespisedtheGreeklackofself-controlinpoliticalaffairs.Itirritatedhim

toseeaperfectlygoodpeoplewasteitsmenandmoneyuponfruitsquarrels.

SohesettledthedifficultybymakinghimselfthemasterofallGreeceandthen

heaskedhisnewsubjectstojoinhimonavoyagewhichhemeanttopayto

PersiainreturnforthevisitwhichXerxeshadpaidtheGreeksonehundredand

fiftyyearsbefore.

UnfortunatelyPhilipwasmurderedbeforehecouldstartuponthis

well-preparedexpedition.ThetaskofavengingthedestructionofAthenswas

lefttoPhilip’ssonAlexander,thebelovedpupilofAristotle,wisestofallGreek

teachers.AlexanderbadefarewelltoEuropeinthespringoftheyear334B.C.

Sevenyearslaterhereached.Inthemehehaddestroyed

Phoenicia,theoldrivaloftheGreekmerchants.HehadconqueredEgyptand

hadbeenworshippedbythepeopleoftheNilevalleyasthesonandheirofthe

Pharaohs.HehaddefeatedthelastPersianking—hehadoverthrownthe

Persianempire—h