图形初步认识复习与基础知识讲解.pdfVIP

PreliminaryUnderstandingofGraphicsFullChapterReviewandConsolidation(Basic)Knowledge

Exnation

Writtenby:SunJingyanReviewedby:Wu

Tingting

【LearningObjectives】

1.Experiencetheprocessofinggeometricfiguresfromtherealworld,andbeabletonamecommon

geometricbodiesandnefigures;2.Mastertheconcepts,representationmethods,properties,anddrawing

methodsofbasicfiguressuchasstraightlines,rays,linesegments,andang;3.Preliminarilylearntoapplythe

knowledgeofgraphicsandgeometrytoexinphenomenainlifeandsolvesimplepracticalproblems.

【KnowledgeNetwork】

【KeyPointsReview】

Point1.Geometry

1.Classificationofgeometricfigures

Keypointstoexin:Whenclassifyinggeometry,differentclassificationstandardshavedifferentclassificationresults.

2.Componentsofgeometry

Geometryiscomposedofpoints,lines,andsurfaces.Pointsmovetoformlines,andlinesintersecttoformpoints;

linesmovetoformsurfaces,andsurfacesintersecttoformlines;surfacesmovetoformbodies,andbodiesare

composedofsurfaces.

Point2:Linesegments,rays,straightlines

1.Thedifferenceandconnectionween

straightlines,raysandlinesegments

2.基本

(1)直线:两点确定一条直线．(2)线段:两点之间线段最

短．要点诠释：

①本知识点可用来解释很多生活中的现象.如：要在墙上固定一个木条，只要两个钉子就可

以了，因为如果把木条看作一条直线，那么两点可确定一条直线.

②连接两点间的线段的长度，叫做两点的距离.

3.画一条线段等于已知线段

（1）度量法：可用直尺先量出线段的长度,再画一条等于这个长度的线段.

（2）用尺规作图法：用圆规在射线AC上截取AB＝ａ，如下图：

4.线段的比较与运算

（1）线段的比较：①度量法；②叠合法；③估算法.

（2）线段的和与差：如下图，有AB+BC＝AC，或AC＝a+b；AD＝AB-BD.

（3）线段的中点：把一条线段分成两条相等线段的点，叫做线段的中点．如下图，有：

1

AM=MB=AB.

2