机械能守恒与圆周运动问题及应用.pdfVIP

主讲：市高级

题一：一根长度为L的轻绳一端固定，另一端拴一质量为m的小球，若在悬点O的正下方钉一小钉，

拉起小球至细绳水平位置时，由静止释放小球，如图所示。当绳碰到小钉后，小球刚好能在以钉子

C为圆心的竖直面内做圆周。若不考虑细绳碰钉子时的能量损失及空气阻力，求小钉的位置C

距悬点O的距离？

题二：如图所示，质量m=0.5kg的小球从距地面高H=5m处自由下落，到达地面恰能沿凹陷于地面

的半圆形槽壁，半圆槽半径R=0.4m。小球到达槽最低点时的速率为10m/s，并继续沿槽壁

直至槽左端边缘飞出，竖直上升，落下后恰好又沿槽壁直至从槽右端边缘飞出，竖直上升、落

2

下，如此反复几次。设摩擦力大小恒定不变，g取10m/s，求：

（1）小球第一次离槽上升的高度h；

（2）小球最多能飞出槽外几次。

Conservationofmechanicalenergyand

circularmotion(Part2)

Lecturer:XuJianfeng,seniorphysicsteacherinBeijing

Question1:OneendofalightropeoflengthLisfixed,andasmallballofmassmistiedtotheotherend.Ifasmallnailisnaileddirectly

belowthehangingpointO,andtheballispulleduptothehorizontalpositionofthestring,theballisreleasedfromrest,asshowninthe

figure.Whentheropetouchesthesmallnail,theballcanjustmakeacircularmotionintheverticalnewithnailCasthecenter.Ifwedo

notconsidertheenergylossandairresistancewhenthestringhitsthenail,findthedistanceweenthepositionCofthesmallnailand

thehangingpointO?

Question2:Asshowninthefigure,asmallballwithmassm=0.5kgfallsfreelyfromaheightH=5mabovetheground.Whenitreachest

heground,itcanmovealongthewallofasemicirculargroovesunkintheground.TheradiusofthesemicirculargrooveisR=0.4m.The

speedoftheballwhenitreachesthelowestpointofthegrooveis10m/s,anditcontinuestomovealongthegroovewalluntilitfliesout

oftheleftedgeofthegroove,risesvertically,andafterfalling,movesalongthegroovewallagainuntilitfliesoutoftherightedgeofthe