第六讲 遗传病和人类基因组计划.pptVIP

第1页，共36页，星期日，2025年，2月5日1.Introduction

Biosignalarespace,time,orspace-timerecordsofabiologicaleventsuchasabeatingheartoracontractingmuscle.Theelectrical,chemical,andmechanicalactivitythatoccursduringthisbiologicaleventoftenproducessignalsthatcanbemeasuredandanalyzed.Biosignals,therefore,containinformationthatcanbeusedtoexplaintheunderlyingphysiologicalmechanismsofaspecificbiologicaleventorsystem.Biosignalsmustbeanalyzedtoretrievethemostrelevantinformationfromthem.Thebasicmethodsofsignalanalysis,e.g.,amplification,filtering,digitization,processing,andstorage,canbeappliedtomanybiosignals.Othersignalprocessingmethodsincludesignalaveraging,waveletanalysis,andartificialintelligencetechniques.第2页，共36页，星期日，2025年，2月5日2.PhysiologicalOriginsofBiosignals

（1）BioelectricSignalsNerveandmusclecellsgeneratebioelectricsignalsthataretheresultofelectrochemicalchangeswithinandbetweencells.Ifanerveormusclecellisstimulatedbyastimulusthatisstrongenoughtoreachanecessarythreshold,thecellwillgenerateanactionpotential.Theactionpotentialrepresentstheflowofionsacrossthecellmembraneandcanbetransmittedfromonecelltoadjacentcells.Whenmanycellsbecomeexcited,anelectricfieldisgeneratedandpropagatesthroughthebiologicalmedium.Changesinextracellularpotentialcanbemeasuredonthesurfaceoftheorganbyusingsurfaceelectrodes.(ECG,EEG,EMG)第3页，共36页，星期日，2025年，2月5日第4页，共36页，星期日，2025年，2月5日（2）BiomagneticSignalsDifferentorgans,includingtheheart,brain,andlungs,generatemagneticfieldsthatareweakcomparedtoothereventsaselectricalchangesoccurinthem.Biomagnetismisthemeasurementofthemagneticsignalsthatareassociatedwithspecificphysiologicalactivity.Biomagneticsignalsthereforecanprovidevaluableadditionalinformationthatisnot