内分泌系统：垂体疾病解剖、生理与诊治.pdfVIP

Hypothalamic-pituitarydisease

大纲要求

Anatomyandphysiologyofthepituitarygland1.Pituitary

adenomaClassificationProlactinoma:clinicalmanifestations,

diagnosis,treatmentGrowthhormone-secretingtumor:cli

nicalmanifestations,diagnosis,treatment2.

Adenohypophysialism:etiology,clinicalmanifestations,

diagnosis,treatmentCentraldiaesinsipidus:etiology,

clinicalmanifestations,diagnosis,treatment

Pituitaryglandanatomy

andphysiology

Antidiuretichormone

(vasopressin)Oxytocin

Prolactin(PRL)Growth

hormone(GH)

Adrenocorticotropichormone

(ACTH)Thyroid-stimulating

hormone(TSH)

Follicle-stimulatinghormone

(FSH)Luteinizinghormone(L

H)

【例题】

Thehormonestoredintheposteriorpituitaryglandis

A.Antidiuretic

hormoneB.Growth

hormoneC.

Adrenocorticotropic

hormoneD.

ThyrotropinE.

ProlactinCorrect

answerA

1.垂体腺瘤分类

大小：直径＞10mm的称为瘤

≤10mm的为微腺瘤（MRI也可以发现）

功能

功能性垂体腺瘤；腺瘤激素分泌过多、有激素分泌过多的临床表现

无功能性垂体腺瘤；无激素分泌或激素分泌量较少或分泌的物质无生物活性，

无激素分泌过多的临床表现

【例题】

无功能性垂体腺瘤可能分泌的是

A.α-亚单位

B.生成素

C.促甲状腺激素

D.泌乳素

E.生长激素

『正确』A

泌乳素瘤：临床表现

最常见的功能性垂体腺瘤，多为微腺瘤

泌乳素瘤：诊断、治疗

治疗：药物治疗为首选（多巴胺激动剂溴隐亭）

手术、放疗

【例题】

高泌乳素血症的药物治疗首选

A.赛庚啶

B.溴隐亭

C.奥曲肽

D.酮康唑

E.酮

『正确』B

【例题】

1.Pituitaryadenomaclassification

Size:Thosewithadiameterof＞10mmarecalled

macroadenomasand≤10mmarecalledmicroadenomas(can

alsobefoundbyMRI)

Function:Functionalpituitaryadenoma;adenomasecretestoomuchhormoneandhas

clinicalmanifestationsofexcessivesecretionofhormones.Non-functionalpituitary

adenoma;hasnohormonesecretionorsecretesasmallamountofhormoneorsecretes

substancesthathavenobiologicalactivityandhasnoclinicalmanifestationsofexcessive

hormone