物理化学基础问题集：力、势能与电子结构分析.pdfVIP

1.(0.6point)Theelectroninahydrogenatomisinitiallyatadistance2.12Åfromtheproton,

andthenmovestoadistance0.529Åfromtheproton.

(a)Calculatethechangeintheforceweentheprotonandtheelectron.(0.2point)

(b)Calculatethechangeinthepotentialenergyweentheprotonandtheelectron.(0.2

point)

(c)Calculatethechangeinthevelocityoftheelectron.(0.2point)

2.(0.8point)DrawLewiselectrondotdiagramsforthefollowingspecies:

(a)AsH3

(b)HOCl

+

(c)KrF

-

(d)PO2Cl(centralPatom)

2

3.(0.6point)DrawLewisdiagramsforthefollowingcompounds.Intheformulathesymbolof

thecentralatomisgivenfirst.(Hint:Thevalenceoctetmaybeexpandedforthecentralatom.)

(a)PF

5

(b)SF4

(c)XeO2F2

1.（0.6分）氢原子中的电子最初与质子的距离为2.12Å,

然后移动到距质子0.529Å的距离。(a)计算质子和电子之间力的变化。（0.2分）

(b)计算质子和电子之间势能的变化。（0.2分）(c)计算电子速度的变化。

（0.2分）

2.（0.8分）画出下列物质的路易斯电子点图：

3

(a)AsH(b)HOCl(c)

+2-

KrF(d)POCl2（

P原子）

3.（0.6分）画出下列化合物的路易斯图。式中首先给出原子的符号。（提示：价

八位组可以针对原子展开。）

(a)PF5

(b)SF4

(c)XeO2

F2

4.(0.4point)Innitrylchloride(NO2Cl),thechlorineatomandthetwooxygenatomsarebonded

toacentralnitrogenatom,andalltheatomslieinane.Drawthetwoelectrondotresonance

formsthatsatisfytheoctetruleandthattogetherareconsistentwiththefactthatthetwo

nitrogen–oxygenbondsareequivalent.

5.(0.6point)(a)PredictthegeometryoftheSbCl52-ion,usingtheVSEPRmethod.

(b)TheionSbCl3-ispreparedfromSbCl2-bytreatmentwithCl.Determinethestericnumber

652

ofthe