英文版全文）《美式“航行自由”法律评估报告》-41页.pdfVIP

LegalAssessmentoftheUnitedStates’

“FreedomofNavigation”

ChinaInstituteforMarineAffairs

MinistryofNaturalResources,China

August2025

ExecutiveSummary

Theproject“LegalAssessmentoftheUnitedStates’‘FreedomofNavigation’”was

initiatedbytheChinaInstituteforMarineAffairsundertheMinistryofNatural

ResourcesofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(CIMA).ResearchersfromCIMA,China

InstituteofInternationalStudies(CIIS),TsinghuaUniversity,ShanghaiJiaoTong

University,TianjinForeignStudiesUniversityandHuayangCenterforMaritime

CooperationandOceanGovernancejointlycompletedtheLegalAssessmentofthe

UnitedStates’“FreedomofNavigation.”Fromalegalperspective,theAssessment

discusseswhethertheU.S.practicesrelatingtofreedomofnavigationareconsistent

withcodifiedandgeneralinternationallaw,andevaluatesthelegalfoundationofU.S.

“freedomofnavigation.”

TheAssessmentexaminestheUnitedStates’legalpositionsandactionsonfreedomof

navigation,particularlythoseinrelationtoits“FreedomofNavigationProgram”and

summarizestheclaims,characteristics,andimplicationsofU.S.“freedomof

navigation.”TheAssessmentpointsoutthattheU.S.“FreedomofNavigation”contains

numerousso-calledcustomaryinternationallawbasedonU.S.-createdconceptsand

self-imposedstandards,whichareinconsistentwithinternationallawandmanystate

practices.TheU.S.usestheseclaimstocurtailthelegitimaterightsandinterestsof

othercountriesandexpanditsrightsandfreedomsinordertoachieveunfettered

“freedom.”

TheAssessmentconcludesthatU.S.“FreedomofNavigation”lacksabasisin

internationallawandseriouslydistortstheinterpretationanddevelopmentof

internationallaw.Itperpetuatesthelogicof“gunboatdiplomacy”andreflectstheusual

practiceoftheU.S.usingmilitaryfo