最大善意原则.pptVIP

最大善意原则

utmost?goodfaith;;;;二、告知义务;第十六条订立保险合同，保险人就保险标的或者被保险人的有关情况提出询问的，投保人应当如实告知。

投保人故意或者因重大过失未履行前款规定的如实告知义务，足以影响保险人决定是否同意承保或者提高保险费率的，保险人有权解除合同。

前款规定的合同解除权，自保险人知道有解除事由之日起，超过三十日不行使而消灭。自合同成立之日起超过二年的，保险人不得解除合同；发生保险事故的，保险人应当承担赔偿或者给付保险金的责任。

投保人故意不履行如实告知义务的，保险人对于合同解除前发生的保险事故，不承担赔偿或者给付保险金的责任，并不退还保险费。

投保人因重大过失未履行如实告知义务，对保险事故的发生有严重影响的，保险人对于合同解除前发生的保险事故，不承担赔偿或者给付保险金的责任，但应当退还保险费。

保险人在合同订立时已经知道投保人未如实告知的情况的，保险人不得解除合同；发生保险事故的，保险人应当承担赔偿或者给付保险金的责任。

保险事故是指保险合同约定的保险责任范围内的事故。;;;;;;;;（八）违反告知义务的构成;;;UKmisrepresentationrules;CartervBoehm(1766);Judgment

LordMansfieldheldthatMrCarterastheproposerowedadutyof?utmostgoodfaith?(uberrimaefidei)totheinsurerunderwhichhewasrequiredtodiscloseallfactsmaterialtotherisk.Hestated,

“Insuranceisacontractbaseduponspeculation.Thespecialfacts,uponwhichthecontingentchanceistobecomputed,liemostcommonlyintheknowledgeoftheinsuredonly;theunderwritertruststohisrepresentationandproceedsupontheconfidencethathedoesnotkeepbackanycircumstanceinhisknowledge,tomisleadtheunderwriterintoabeliefthatthecircumstancedoesnotexist,andtoinducehimtoestimatetherisqueasifitdidnotexist.Goodfaithforbidseitherpartybyconcealingwhatheprivatelyknows,todrawtheotherintoabargainfromhisignoranceofthatfact,andhisbelievingthecontrary.”LordMansfieldwentontoholdthatthedutywasreciprocolandthatifaninsurerwithheldmaterialfacts,theexamplecitedbeingthataninsuredvesselhadalreadyarrivedsafely,thepolicyholdercoulddeclarethepolicyvoidandrecoverthepremium.

LordMansfieldproceededtoqualifythedutyofdisclosure,commenting,

“eitherpartymaybeinnocentlysilent,astogroundsopentoboth,toexercisetheirjudgmentupon....Anunder-writercannotinsistthatthepolicyisvoid,becausetheinsureddidnottellhimwhatheactuallyknew...Theinsuredneednotmentionwhattheunder-writeroughttoknow;whathetakes