人脑类器官的伦理问题探析.pdfVIP

专论

医学与哲学2025

年5

月第46

卷第

10

期总第765期

人脑类器官的伦理问题探析*

黄斌1

摘要：人脑类器官是具有与人类大脑类似的结构、生物学功能的三维神经组织，可以用于研究人类

大脑发育、疾病发生和药物筛选。然而，体外培养的人脑类器官有产生意识的风险、道德地位问

题和知情同意问题，并且在应用中还面临所有权问题、与神经多样性价值观冲突。人脑类器官嵌

合体面临的伦理风险包括福利问题、意识和道德地位问题，以及人脑类器官嵌合体挑战人的尊严

和道德人性化问题。将人脑类器官与人工智能或其他类器官连接起来，形成了多元人脑类器官复

合体。多元人脑类器官复合体的道德地位、自主性问题，会成为未来研究的焦点。

关键词：人脑类器官，道德地位，神经多元主义价值观，人的尊严

中图分类号：R-05文献标识码：A文章编号：1002-0772(2025)10-0012-05

DOI：10.12014/j.issn.1002-0772.2025.10.03

1

AnEthicalAnalysisofHumanCerebralOrganoidsHUANGBin．1.

SchoolofMarxism,CentralSouthUniversity,Changsha

410000,China

Abstract：Human

cerebral

organoids

are

three-dimensional

neural

tissues

with

similar

structure

and

biological

function

to

human

brain.

Human

cerebral

organoids

can

be

used

to

study

human

brain

development,

disease

mechanisms,

and

drug

screening.

However,

in

vitro

human

cerebral

organoids

have

the

risk

of

consciousness,

moral

status

and

informed

consent

issues,

and

face

ownership

issues

and

conflicts

with

neurodiversity

values

in

applications.

The

ethical

risks

faced

by

human

cerebral

organoid

chimera

include

its

welfare,

consciousness

and

moral

status,

as

well

as

human

dignity

and

moral

humanization.

The

integration

of

human

cerebral

organoids

with

artificial

intelligence

or

other

types

of

organoids

leads

to

the

emergence

of

complex

multi-brain

organoid

com