《计算机专业英语教程》ch03.pdfVIP

Wanttocommunicatewithafriendacrosstown,inanotherprovince,oreveninanother

country?TheInternetandtheWEBarethe21st-Centuryinformationresourcesdesignedforall

ofustouse.

BrowsersareprogramsthatprovideaccesstoWebresources.Thissoftwareconnectsyouto

remotecomputers,opensandtransfersfiles,displaystextandimages,andprovidesinonetoolan

uncomplicatedinterfacetotheInternetandWebdocuments.Twowell-knownbrowsersare

NetscapeNavigatorandMicrosoftInternetExplorer.Forbrowserstoconnecttootherresources,

thelocationoraddressoftheresourcesmustbespecified.TheseaddressesarecalledUniform

ResourcesLocators(URLs).FollowingtheDomainNameSystem(DNS),allURLshaveatleast

threebasicparts.Thefirstpartpresentstheprotocolusedtoconnecttotheresource.Theprotocol

http://isbyfarthemostcommon.Thesecondpartpresentsthedomainnameorthenameofthe

serverwheretheresourceislocated.Theserverisidentifiedas.(ManyURLshave

additionalpartsspecifyingdirectorypaths,filenames,andpointers.)Thelastpartofthedomain

namefollowingthedot(.)isthedomaincode.Itidentifiesthetypeoforganization.Forexample,

comindicatedacommercialsite.

TheURLconnectsyourcomputertoacomputerthatprovides

informationaboutAmericaOnline(AOL).TheseinformationallocationsontheWebarecalled

Websites.MovingfromoneWebsitetoanotheriscalledsurfing.

OncethebrowserhasconnectedtoaWebsite,adocumentfileissenttoyourcomputer.

ThisdocumentcontainsHypertextMarkupLanguage(HTML)commands.Thebrowser

interpretstheHTMLcommandsanddisplaysthedocumentasaWebpage.Typically,thefirst

pageofaWebsiteisreferredtoasitshomepage.[1]Thehomepagepre