2025年北京市专升本英语真题试卷及解析【专项训练】.docxVIP

2025年北京市专升本英语真题试卷及解析【专项训练】

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第一部分英语知识运用

阅读下面的短文，文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求，为每个空白选择一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Thehumanbrainisincrediblycomplex,performingcountlesstaskseverysecond.Whilemuchofwhatitdoesremainsamystery,scientistsarecontinuallymakingstridesinunderstandingitsworkings.Recentresearchhasshednewlightonhowmemoryisformedandretrieved,offeringpotentialinsightsintotreatingmemory-relateddisorders.

Memoryisnotastaticrecordingbutanactiveprocessinvolvingchangesinthestrengthofconnectionsbetweenneurons,knownassynapses.Whenwelearnsomethingnew,neuronsfireinspecificpatterns,strengtheningthepathwaysused.Thisprocess,calledlong-termpotentiation(LTP),iscrucialforforminglastingmemories.However,memoriesarentjuststored;theyareconstantlybeingretrievedandmodifiedeverytimeweaccessthem.Thisreactivationhelpsreinforcethememorybutalsoallowsforintegrationwithnewinformationorforgetting.

Severalfactorscaninfluencememoryformation.Attentionplaysavitalrole;withoutfocusingoninformation,thebrainstrugglestoencodeiteffectively.Emotionalsosignificantlyimpactsmemory,oftenmakingeventsmorememorable,whetherpositiveornegative.Sleepisanothercriticalfactor,withresearchindicatingthatsleephelpsconsolidatememoriesbyreplayingneuralactivityfromtheday.Withoutadequatesleep,memoryperformancecansuffersignificantly.

Neuroplasticity,thebrainsabilitytoreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnections,isfundamentaltolearningandmemory.Eveninadulthood,thebraincanadaptandchangeinresponsetonewexperiencesandlearning.UnderstandingthesemechanismsiskeytodevelopingstrategiesformemoryenhancementandpotentiallycombatingconditionslikeAlzheimersdisease,wherememorydeclineissevere.Whilemuchremainstobediscovered,theongoingstudyofthebrainpromisestoun