高中英语语法知识点总结-虚拟语气 讲义.docxVIP

虚拟语气

一、英语动词中的三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气。虚拟语气。

1.陈述语气：用来陈述事实。有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。

Myfatherdrovemetothevillage.

Peopledon’tlikewars.

Whatastrange-lookingpersonheis!

Areyoujoking?

2.祈使语气：用来表示请求、命令或劝告。

Sitdown,please!

Letmehaveatry.

3.虚拟语气：表示说的话不是事实或不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议、假设等。

二、虚拟语气的具体用法

1.if条件句中的虚拟语气

if条件句

主句

与现在相反

did(were)

could/would/might/should+do

与过去相反

haddone

could/would/might/should+havedone

与将来相反

did

weretodo

shoulddo（不可省）

could/would/might/should+do

主句中情态动词本身含义：

could能；能够

might或许，可以

would会，愿意

should应该

练习：

如果我是你，我会每天努力学习。

IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhardeveryday.

如果我现在有时间，我就能帮你修电脑。

IfIhadtimenow,Icouldhelpyourepairthecomputer.

如果我昨天参加了会议，我本会见到玛丽。

IfIhadattendedthemeeting,IwouldhavemetMary.

如果他昨天不忙，他就或许来拜访你了。

Ifhehasn’tbeenbusyyesterday,hemighthavevisitedtoyou.

如果明天下雨，运动会会被推迟。

Ifitrainedtomorrow,sportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.

2.如果从句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致，这种条件句叫错综时间条件句（或混合条件句）。这时，主句和从句谓语动词形式依各自假设时间而定。

Ifshehadn’ttrainedsohardbefore,shecouldnotrunsofastnow.

Ifithadtrainedmuchlastyear,thecropswouldgrowbetternow.

IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetothepartylastnight.

3.if虚拟条件句的倒装：

把从句中的were/had/should提前，省略if.

Ifyouhad’thelpedme,Ishouldhavefailed.

Hadyounothelpedme,Ishouldhavefailed.

Ifheshouldhaveanytimetomorrow,hewouldcome.

Shouldhehaveanytimetomorrow,hewouldcome.

IfIwereinyourposition,Ishouldgo.

WereIinyourposition,Ishouldgo.

Ifyouhadarrivedatthestation10minutesearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.

Hadyouarrivedatthestationto10minutesearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.

Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgoout.

Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgoout.

4.宾语从句中的虚拟语气

①现在：did/were

wishthat过去：haddone

将来：might/would/could+do

IwishthatIweretenyearsyounger.(be)

Iwishthatitweresummernow.(be)

Iwishthatyo