文体分类练5　说明文之新概念类--2026版-新高考英语二轮复习七选五阅读专题突破.pdfVIP

文体分类练(五)说明文之新概念类

Passage1(2025山东实验中学一模)

主题心理学之认知科学:词数:332

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Imaginetryingtoconvincesomeonewithfactsthatchallengetheirlong-heldopinion,onlytofindthemdismissingor

processingtheinformation.Thisisbeliefperseveranceatwork.Interestingly,thesebeliefsdon’tnecessarilystemfrom

personalexperience;forinstance,childrenmightbelieve“alllawyersareuntrustworthy”merelybecauseanoldersiblingsaid

so,andthenignoreanytrustworthylawyerstheyencounterlater,categorizingthemasexceptions.

Oftenconfusedwithconfirmationbias,beliefperseveranceisdistinct.Whileconfirmationbiasinvolvesseekingout

informationthatsupportsone’spreconceptions,beliefperseveranceisaboutactivelyrejectingevidencethatcoulddisprove

thosebeliefs,buildingapsychologicalbarrieraroundone’sexistingviews.

Thisbiasemergesinmultipleforms.Intermsofself-perception,someonemightpersistentlyviewthemselvesasbadat

publicspeakingdespitereceivingapplauseforpresentations,attributingsuccesstoluck.Socially,initialjudgmentscan

linger:assumingareservedclassmateisunfriendly,evenafterfriendlyinteractions.Societally,stereotypesaboutgroups—be

itracial,gender-based,orpolitical—frequentlyendure,resistingfactualcounterarguments.

Researchbacksthisup.Inonestudy,studentsgivenfalsefeedbackonanalyzingsuicidenotescontinuedtobelievein

their“accuracy”or“inaccuracy”evenafterlearningthefeedbackwasfabricated(伪造的).Anotherexperimentshowedthat

beliefsconnectingrisk-takingtofirefightingeffectivenesspersisted,regardlessofdiscreditedsupportingdata.

Severalpsychologicalfactorscontributetobeliefperseverance.Theavailabilityheuristic(启发法)makespeoplerelyon

easilyrecalledexamples,likeassumingalldoctorsareimpatientafteronenegativeencounter.Illusorycorrelationcreates

falseassociations,suchaslinkingateam’slosstothecolor