高血压患者不遵医饮食行为的原因分析和对策.docxVIP

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高血压患者不遵医饮食行为的原因分析和对策

摘要

目的：本研究旨在系统调查高血压患者不遵医饮食行为的主要类型，分析其影响因素及患者的认知态度，为制定针对性干预策略提供依据。方法：采用横断面调查法，选取88例原发性高血压患者，使用自行设计的问卷收集其社会人口学资料、饮食遵医行为、健康知识水平、家庭支持度及对饮食指导的认知态度等信息。结果：调查发现，患者不遵医饮食行为发生率高，钠盐摄入超标和脂肪控制不佳最为突出。文化程度、家庭支持度、健康知识水平及病程是影响遵医行为的关键因素（P0.05）。绝大多数患者认同饮食治疗的重要性，但超七成感到执行困难，主要障碍为口味改变，且九成以上患者渴望获得个性化指导。结论：高血压患者不遵医饮食行为普遍存在，受多因素影响。未来干预需侧重个体化健康教育、强化家庭支持、并提供具体可行的饮食调整方案，以提升依从性，改善血压控制结局。

关键词：?高血压；饮食遵医行为；影响因素；健康教育；家庭支持

Abstract

Objective:Thisstudyaimstosystematicallyinvestigatethemaintypesofnon-compliantdietarybehaviorsamongpatientswithhypertension,analyzetheinfluencingfactorsandtheircognitiveattitudes,andprovideabasisforformulatingtargetedinterventionstrategies.Methods:Across-sectionalsurveywasconductedon88patientswithessentialhypertension.Self-designedquestionnaireswereusedtocollectinformationontheirsociodemographicdata,dietarycompliancebehaviors,healthknowledgelevels,familysupport,andcognitiveattitudestowardsdietaryguidance.Results:Thesurveyfoundthattheincidenceofnon-compliantdietarybehaviorsamongpatientswashigh,withexcessivesodiumintakeandpoorfatcontrolbeingthemostprominent.Educationlevel,familysupport,healthknowledgelevel,anddiseasedurationwerethekeyfactorsinfluencingcompliance(P0.05).Themajorityofpatientsrecognizedtheimportanceofdietarytreatment,butover70%founditdifficulttoimplement,withthemainobstaclebeingchangesintaste.Morethan90%ofpatientsexpressedadesireforpersonalizedguidance.Conclusion:Non-compliantdietarybehaviorsarecommonamongpatientswithhypertensionandareinfluencedbymultiplefactors.Futureinterventionsshouldfocusonindividualizedhealtheducation,strengtheningfamilysupport,andprovidingspecificandfeasibledietaryadjustmentplanstoimprovecomplianceandbloodpressurecontroloutcomes.

Keywords:Hypertension;Dietarycompliancebehavior;Influencingfactors