阅读理解之主旨大意题（解析版）.docxVIP

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阅读理解之主旨大意题

题型归纳

题型01段落大意题

【题型诠释】

一、常见设问方式

?WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?

?Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis________.

?Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.

?WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?

?Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

二、首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：

1.段首段尾：段首--主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象)；段尾--主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。

2.段中：主题句有时在段中(前面的话是为引出主题）。

3.无主题句：有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。

归纳段落大意的

归纳段落大意的2种方法：

方法一、概括段落大意：(1)总分——主题句就在段首；(2)分总——主题句就在段尾；(3)分总分——主题句在段中；(4)总分总——主题句在段首/段尾；(5)并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，段落大意涉及两个平行的内容；(6)对比各事物的文章，段落大意是两个事物的共同点或不同点。

方法二、揣摩段落大意：作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者。

【典例1】（2023上·广东广州·高三华南师大附中校考阶段练习）

Anyonecanbelateahandfuloftimes,buttobethepersonwhoisalwayslate—that’sanart,afrustratingart.Or,asideeffectofyourpersonality,scientistshavefound.

Sowhatisitthatcausessomepeopletoconstantlymisstrains,makeittotheweddingjustafterthebride’sshownupandregularlyannoytheirfriends?Andwhyisitsohardforustofixit?“Thereareallsortsofpunishmentsforbeinglate,butwearestilllateevenwhenthosepunishmentsandconsequencesexist.”saidJustinKruger,asocialpsychologistatNewYorkUniversity.

Oneofthecommonestreasonswhypeoplearefrequentlylateisthat-theyfailtoaccuratelyjudgehowlongataskwilltake—somethingknownastheplanningfallacy.Researchhasshownthatpeopleonaverageunderestimatethetunetocompleteataskbyasignificant40percent.

Besides,forever-late-comersaremorelikelytobemultitaskers.A2023studyfoundthatoutof181subwayoperatorsinNewYorkCity,thosewhopreferredmultitaskingweremoreoftenlatefortheirjob.Thisisbecausemultitaskingmakesithardertohavetheawarenessofwhatyou’redoing.It’salsodiscoveredthereisapersonalitytypethat’smorelikelytobelate.Whilehighlynervous,achievement-orientedTypeAindividualsarcmorepossibleto