专题06. 形容词和副词-8页.docxVIP

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2025年新高考英语语法知识通关必备母题对点精练

专题06.形容词和副词

核心考点思维导图

核心考点讲练

核心考点1.形容词的概念、语法功能及其他词变形容词

形容词用于修饰限定名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。

形容词在句子中主要有以下几种句法功能?:

作?定语?:形容词作定语时,用于修饰名词或代词:Thisisabeautifulpark.

作?表语?:当动词为系动词(如be,become,feel等)时,形容词用作表语,位于系动词之后:Thiscomputerisveryexpensive.

作?状语?:形容词或形容词短语作状语时,主要用于表示原因、伴随或方式:Hungryandtired,Ihadtostoptohavearest.

作?宾语补足语?:形容词用作宾语补足语时,用于描述宾语的状态或特征:Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed.

其他词转化为形容词

(1)名词转换为形容词的规则

类别

例词

词尾加-y

cloud→cloudy,luck→lucky,health→healthy,wind→windy,salt→salty

词尾加-(e)d

gift→gifted,talent→talented,experience→experienced,detail→detailed,age→aged

词尾加-ful/-less

meaning→meaningful/meaningless,care→careful/careless,help→helpful/helpless,harm→harmful/harmless,colour→colourful/colourless,use→useful/useless,thank→thankful/thankless

词尾加-able

comfort→comfortable,knowledge→knowledgeable,remark→remarkable,fashion→fashionable,reason→reasonable

词尾加-ous

danger→dangerous,courage→courageous,humor→humorous

词尾变-ce为-t

absence→absent,confidence→confident,difference→different,elegance→elegant,persistence→persistent,significance→significant

词尾(去e)加-al

music→musical,person→personal,nation→national,education→educational,tradition→traditional,profession→professional

词尾去-e加-al或-ial

agriculture→agricultural,culture→cultural,globe→global,universe→universal,virtue→virtual,commerce→commercial,finance→financial

词尾加-ly

friend→friendly,week→weekly,love→lovely

词尾加-en

wood→wooden,wool→woolen

词尾去-e或-y加-etic/-ic

athlete→athletic,energy→energetic,scene→scenic,economy→economic,history→historic

其他常见变化

habit→habitual,fool→foolish,pleasure→pleasant/pleased,science→scientific,medicine→medical,day→daily,influence→influential,south→southern

注意以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y,如:sun→sunny,fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y,如:noise→noisy,ice→icy,taste→tasty等。

(2)动词转换为形容词的规则

类别

例词

词前加-a

live→alive,wake→awake,sleep→asleep

词尾加-ed/-d

excite→excited,educate→educated,relax→relaxed,challenge→challenged,crowd→crowded,balance→balanced

词尾(去e)加-ing

surprise→

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