模拟联合国-美国资料.pdfVIP

KyotoProtocol

TheKyotoProtocolisaninternationalagreementlinkedto

theUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange.

ThemajorfeatureoftheKyotoProtocolisthatitsets

bindingtargetsfor37industrializedcountriesandthe

Europeancommunityforreducinggreenhousegas(GHG)

emissions.Theseamounttoanaverageoffivepercent

against1990levelsoverthefive-yearperiod2008-2012.

ThemajordistinctionbetweentheProtocolandthe

ConventionisthatwhiletheConventionencouraged

industrialisedcountriestostabilizeGHGemissions,the

Protocolcommitsthemtodoso.

Recognizingthatdevelopedcountriesareprincipally

responsibleforthecurrenthighlevelsofGHGemissions

intheatmosphereasaresultofmorethan150yearsof

industrialactivity,theProtocolplacesaheavierburden

ondevelopednationsundertheprincipleof‚commonbut

differentiatedresponsibilities.

TheKyotoProtocolwasadoptedinKyoto,Japan,on11

December1997andenteredintoforceon16February2005.

184PartiesoftheConventionhaveratifieditsProtocolto

date.Thedetailedrulesfortheimplementationofthe

ProtocolwereadoptedatCOP7inMarrakeshin2001,andare

calledthe‚MarrakeshAccords.

TheKyotomechanisms

UndertheTreaty,countriesmustmeettheirtargetsprimarily

throughnationalmeasures.However,theKyotoProtocoloffers

themanadditionalmeansofmeetingtheirtargetsbywayofthree

market-basedmechanisms.

TheKyotomechanismsare:

Emissionstrading–knownas‚thecarbonmarket

Cleandevelopmentmechanism(CDM)

Jointimplementation(JI).

ThemechanismshelpstimulategreeninvestmentandhelpParties

meettheiremissiontargetsinacost-effectiveway.

Monitoringemissiontargets

UndertheProtocol,countries’actualemissionshavetobe

monitoredandpreciserecordshavetobekeptofthetrades

carriedout.

Reg