国外标准分享ASTM E691.docxVIP

AnAmericanNationalStandard

Designation:E691–99

StandardPracticefor

ConductinganInterlaboratoryStudytoDeterminethe

1

PrecisionofaTestMethod

Thisstandardisissuedunderthe?xeddesignationE691;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearof

originaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.A

superscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.

INTRODUCTION

Testsperformedonpresumablyidenticalmaterialsinpresumablyidenticalcircumstancesdonot,in

general,yieldidenticalresults.Thisisattributedtounavoidablerandomerrorsinherentineverytest

procedure;thefactorsthatmayin?uencetheoutcomeofatestcannotallbecompletelycontrolled.In

thepracticalinterpretationoftestdata,thisinherentvariabilityhastobetakenintoaccount.For

instance,thedifferencebetweenatestresultandsomespeci?edvaluemaybewithinthatwhichcan

beexpectedduetounavoidablerandomerrors,inwhichcasearealdeviationfromthespeci?edvalue

hasnotbeendemonstrated.Similarly,thedifferencebetweentestresultsfromtwobatchesofmaterial

willnotindicateafundamentalqualitydifferenceifthedifferenceisnomorethancanbeattributed

toinherentvariabilityinthetestprocedure.Manydifferentfactors(apartfromrandomvariations

betweensupposedlyidenticalspecimens)maycontributetothevariabilityinapplicationofatest

method,including:atheoperator,bequipmentused,ccalibrationoftheequipment,andd

environment(temperature,humidity,airpollution,etc.).Itisconsideredthatchanginglaboratories

changeseachoftheabovefactors.Thevariabilitybetweentestresultsobtainedbydifferentoperators

orwithdifferentequipmentwillusuallybegreaterthanbetweentestresultsobtainedbyasingle

ope