国外标准分享ASTM E1502.docxVIP

Designation:E1502–98

AMERICANSOCIETYFORTESTINGANDMATERIALS

100BarrHarborDr.,WestConshohocken,PA19428

ReprintedfromtheAnnualBookofASTMStandards.CopyrightASTM

StandardGuidefor

UseofFreezing-PointCellsforReferenceTemperatures1

Thisstandardisissuedunderthe?xeddesignationE1502;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearof

originaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.A

superscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.

INTRODUCTION

Duringfreezing,purematerialtransformsfromtheliquidstatetothesolidstateataconstant

temperatureknownasthefreezingpoint.Thefreezingpointsofhighlypuri?edmaterialscanserveas

referencetemperatures,andinfact,theInternationalTemperatureScaleof1990(ITS-90)2relieson

thefreezingpointsofsomehighlypuri?edmetalsasde?ning?xedpoints.Freezingpointscanbe

realizedincommerciallyavailablesystemsincorporatingfreezing-pointcells.Whenthecellsare

properlymadeandused,theyestablishusefulreferencetemperaturesforthecalibrationof

thermometersandforotherindustrialandlaboratorypurposes;withcare,thefreezingpointsofhighly

puri?edmaterialscanberealizedwithanuncertaintyofafewmillikelvins3orless.

1.Scope

instructionssuppliedbymanufacturersoffreezing-pointappa-

ratus.

1.1Thisguidedescribestheessentialfeaturesoffreezing-

pointcellsandauxiliaryapparatus,andthetechniquesrequired

torealizefreezingpointsinthetemperaturerangefrom29to

1085°C.3

1.2Detaileddesignandconstructionarenotaddressedin

thisguide.

1.3Thisguideisintendedtodescribegoodpracticeand

establishuniformproceduresfortherealizationoffreezing

points.

1.4Thisguideemphasizesprinciples.Theemphasis