2025年成人高考专升本英语真题试卷.docxVIP

2025年成人高考专升本英语真题试卷

考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______

第一部分英语知识运用

阅读下面的短文，文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求，为每个空白选择一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Thehumanbrainisincrediblycomplex,performingcountlesstaskseverysecond.Whilemuchaboutitsfunctionsremainsamystery,scientistshavemadesignificantstridesinunderstandinghowitworks.Onekeyareaofstudyfocuseson(1)memory,theabilitytoencode,store,andretrieveinformation.Memoryisnotasingleprocessbutinvolvesseveralsystemsworkingtogether.Short-termmemoryholdsinformationtemporarily,typicallyforsecondstominutes,whilelong-termmemorystoresitforpotentiallyalifetime.

Thehippocampus,asmallstructureinthebrainsmedialtemporallobe,playsacrucialroleinformingnewmemories.Itactsasasortofgateway,transferringinformationfromshort-termtolong-termstorage.Withoutthehippocampus,individualscannotformnewepisodicmemories—memoriesofpersonalexperiencesandevents.However,thebrainhaswaystocompensatefordamagetothisarea.Forexample,theprefrontalcortexcansometimestakeoversomememoryfunctions,thoughusuallynottothesamedegree.

Memoryformationinvolvesseveralstages.First,attentionisrequiredtoencodeinformationeffectively.Ifsomethingdoesnotgrabourattention,itisunlikelytoberemembered.Next,consolidationtransformsshort-termmemoriesintolong-termones.Thisprocesscanbeinfluencedbyvariousfactors,includingsleep,whichisvitalformemoryconsolidation.Duringsleep,thebrainsortsandstoresinformationlearnedduringtheday.Finally,retrievalallowsustoaccessstoredinformationwhenneeded.Thisprocesscanbeeffortlessorrequireconsciouseffort,suchastryingtorememberaphonenumber.

Differenttypesofmemoryservevariouspurposes.Episodicmemoryrecallsspecificeventsfromourpersonalpast,whilesemanticmemoryinvolvesgeneralknowledgeabouttheworld.Proceduralmemory,ontheotherhan