清华社课件计算机专业英语6.1 unit 6 Passage 1 Basic Reading Material ---The Basic Knowledge of Embedded System.pptxVIP

计算机专业英语

UnitSixEmbeddedSystem

6.1LatestHotTopics——TheBasicKnowledgeofEmbeddedSystemIntheeraofrapidtechnologicaldevelopment,embeddedsystems[1]playanincreasinglycrucialroleinvariousfields.Anembeddedsystemisacomputersystemwithadedicatedfunction,integratedasapartofalargermechanicalorelectricalsystem.Ittypicallyconsistsofhardwareandsoftwarecomponentsworkinginharmonytoperformspecifictasks.Thisarticlewilldelveintothefundamentalknowledgeofembeddedsystems,coveringawiderangeofkeycomputerprofessionalterms.

DefinitionandCharacteristicsofEmbeddedSystemsAnembeddedsystemisdesignedtoexecutespecificfunctionswithinadefinedcontext.Unlikegeneral-purposecomputers,whicharedesignedtohandleawidevarietyoftasks,embeddedsystemsareapplication-specific.Theyareoftenresource-constrained,withlimitedmemory,processingpower,andenergyconsumption[2].Thesesystemsarecharacterizedbytheirreal-timeperformancerequirements[3],reliability,andcompactsize.Forexample,thecontrolsysteminacarengine,themicrocontroller[4]inasmartthermostat,andthesystem-on-a-chip(SoC)[5]inawearabledeviceareallinstancesofembeddedsystems.

DefinitionandCharacteristicsofEmbeddedSystemsReal-timesystemsareasignificantcategorywithinembeddedsystems.Inareal-timeembeddedsystem,thecorrectnessofthesystemdependsnotonlyonthelogicalresultsofthecomputationbutalsoonthetimeatwhichtheresultsareproduced.Therearetwotypesofreal-timesystems:hardreal-timesystemsandsoftreal-timesystems.Inhardreal-timesystems,missingadeadlinecanleadtocatastrophicconsequences.Forinstance,inanaircraftsflightcontrolsystem,anydelayinprocessingsensordataandsendingcontrolsignalscanendangerthesafetyoftheentireflight.Ontheotherhand,softreal-timesystemsaremoreforgiving.Adelayinavideo-streamingapplicationon