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Deonticmodalityhastodowithinfluencingactions,statesoreventsandexpressingwhatSearlecalls“directives.”Epistemicmodalityisabouthowthespeakermakesajudgmentaboutthetruthoftheproposition.

Modalityisdefinedas“semanticcategorywhichexpressestheattitudeofthespeakertowardsthatexpressedinthesentence(Bussmann,1996:307)”

Evidentiality,asalinguisticphenomenon,ispervasiveinalllanguages.

Thesemanticcategoriesofevidentialityarehypothesizedtobeuniversalandlanguage-independent.Theonlydifferenceliesinthefactthatevidentialmarkersa