传输线原理和功率测量.pdf

RFMW 101: Transmission Line Theory and Power Measurements Technical data is subject to change Copyright@2003 Agilent Technologies Printed on Dec. 4, 2002 5988-8493ENA Agenda If you have ever asked yourself these questions: •Why measure power? •What does a good sensor look like? • Is there a way to measure peak power? •What about modulated signals? •To what degree am I affected by uncertainty? Then you are in the right place! Importance of Proper Signal Levels Too low: Signal buried in noise Too high: Nonlinear distortion occurs Why do we measure signal levels? A systems output signal level is often the critical factor in the design and performance of RF and microwave equipment. Measurement of the signal level is critical at every system level, from the overall system performance to the fundamental devices. The large number of signal measurements and their importance to system performance dictates that the measurement equipment and techniques be accurate, repeatable, traceable, and convenient. In a system, each component in a signal chain must receive the proper signal level from the previous component and pass the proper signal level on to the succeeding component. If the output signal level becomes too low, the signal becomes obscured in noise. If the signal level becomes too high, though, the performance goes nonlinear and distortion results. Or worse! Why Measure Power? At low frequencies, voltage (or current) are measured easily V I But at high frequencies, the voltage varies along the t