软件工程_1概述.pptVIP

基术术语(2) 开发方法学(development methodology)[引自国标] 编制软件的系统方法。它确定开发的各个阶段，规定每一阶段的活动、产品、验证步骤和完成准则。 生存周期模型(life-cycle model) [引自国标] 一个框架，它含有从需求定义到使用终止，跨越整个生存期的系统开发、操作和维护中所需实施的过程、活动和任务。 SE--A Layered Technology （软件工程—层次化技术） Process is a framework for task that are required to build high-quality software. Software engineering Methods provide the technical “how to’s” for building software. Software engineering tools provide automated or semi-automated support for the process and the methods.When tools are integrated so that information development,called CASE,is established. A Generic View of SE （软件工程的一般性观点） The work that is associated with software engineering can be categorized into three generic phases,regardless of application area,project size,or complexity. The definition phase focuses on what. The development phase focuses on how. The maintenance phase focuses on change. The Definition Phase(1) （定义阶段） During definition,the software developer attempts to identify what information is to be processed,what function and performance are desired,what system behavior can be expected,what interface are to be establish-ed,what design constrains exist,and what validation criteria are required to define a successful system. The Definition Phase(2) Although the methods applied during the definition phase will vary depending upon the software engineering paradigm that is applied,three major tasks will occur in some form: System or information engineering(系统工程) Software project planning(软件项目计划) Software requirements analysis(需求分析) The Development Phase(1) （开发阶段） During development , a software developer attempts to define how data are to be structured,how function is to be implemented as a software architecture,how procedural details are to be implemented,how interfaces are to be characterized,how the design will be translated into a programming language(or nonprocedurallanguage),and how testing will be performed. The Development Phase(2) The methods applied during the developmen