定语从句复习资料.docVIP

Attributive Clause Ⅰ Definition. 在名词性从句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，从句放在所修饰词（即先行词）之后由关系副词或关系代词引导。 e.g.: The story that you read is The Rescue.你读的故事叫《营救》。 She is the girl who got the first prize.她就是那个得了第一名的女孩。 Ⅱ Relatives. 1. Relative Pronouns: that, which, who, whom, whose Referring to Function who people subject/object whom people object that people/things subject/object which things subject/object whose people/things attribute (1) 当先行词指人时使用who和whom,若在句中作主语用who; 如果作宾语用whom,但在口语中,常用who代替whom,也可省略。 e.g. The foreigner who/that visited our school yesterday is from Canada.(作主语) The boy who/that broke the window is called Jack. (作主语) The girl who/whom/that/× we met yesterday is Li Fei’s sister. (作宾语) He is the man whom/that/who/× I visited last week. (作宾语) (2) that先行词即可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。 e.g. He has just moved into the house that/which was built last year. (作主语) The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (作宾语) Let’s ask the man that/who is reading the book over there. (作主语) The girl (that/whom/×) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. (作宾语) (3) 当先行词指物时用which，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。 e.g. They planted the trees which don’t need much water. (作主语) The books (which/that) we bought were not interesting. (作宾语) (4) whose引导定语从句，先行词可是人也可是物，在从句中作定语。 e.g. Miss Smith is the teacher whose house caught fire last week. (作定语) Harry is the boy whose mother is our Chinese teacher. (作定语) ◆“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name) ★ 当关系代词缺少先行词时，需用the one来补充 e.g. Is the museum the one (that) you visited? (5) 介词和关系代词引导的定语从句。 关系代词whom, which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。 e.g. The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner.(whom不能省略，不能用who代替) →The athl