英汉双语材料力学12.pptVIP

正确利用对称、反对称性质，则可推知某些未知量，可大大简化计算过程：如对称变形对称截面上，反对称内力为零或已知；反对称变形对称截面上，对称内力为零或已知。 对称轴 X1 X2 X2 X3 P X1 X3 例如： X1 X3 P X1 X3 P X2 X2 P P Example 3 Try to determine the whole constraint reactions of the rigid frame shown in the figure. EI of the frame is constant. A B C P P a a P P X1 X1 Solution：There are three redundant constraints in the frame shown in the figure. Because of symmetry of the structure and antisymmetry of loads the axial force and the bending moment in the symmetric section are all zero. There is only one redundant unknown force(shearing force）, therefore , we only need to write one canonical equation. 1P and 11 are determined by Mohr’s theorem [例3 ] 试求图示刚架的全部约束反力。刚架EI为常数。 A B C P P a a 解：图示刚架有三个多余未知力。但由于结构是对称的，而载荷反对称，故对称轴横截面上轴力、弯矩为零，只有一个多余未知力（剪力），只需列出一个正则方程求解。 P P X1 X1 用莫尔定理求 1P和 11。 P x1 x2 x1 x2 1 Then From static equilibrium equations we can find out: A B P P MB RB HB MA RA HA P x1 x2 x1 x2 1 则 由平衡方程求得： A B P P MB RB HB MA RA HA §12-4 CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND THREE-MOMENT EQUATIONS 1、Continuous beam and the degree of static indeterminacy 0 1 2 n-1 n+1 n l1 l2 ln ln+1 Mn-1 M1 M2 Mn Mn+1 In order to reduce the stress and bending deformation of the straight beam that the span is longer we often install several supports in the middle of the beam. This kind of structures often seen in the civil 、bridge and mechanical engineering are called continuous beams. Suppose taking out the supports in the middle the beam becomes into statically determinate beam with two hinged ends. Therefore the supports in the middle are redundant constraints, the number of the supports in the middle is that of redundant constraints, also the degree of the statically indeterminacy of the beam. §12-4 连续梁与三弯矩方程 为减小跨度很大直梁的弯曲变形和应力，常在其中间安置若干中间支座，在建筑、桥梁以及机械中常见的这类结构称为连续梁。撤去中间支座，该梁是两端铰支的静定梁，因此中间支座就是其多余约束，有多少个中间支座，就有多少个多余约束，中间支座数就是连续梁的超静定次数。 一、连续梁与超静定次数 0 1 2 n-1 n+1 n l1 l2 ln ln+1 M1 M2 Mn-1 Mn Mn+1 2、Three-moment equation Continuous b