【精品】年产五万吨合成氨合成工段工艺设计.docx

年产五万吨合成氨合成工段工艺设计摘要：本次课程设计任务为年产五万吨合成氨工厂合成工段的工艺设计，氨合成工艺流程一般包括分离和再循环、氨的合成、惰性气体排放等基本步骤，上述基本步骤组合成为氨合成循环反应的工艺流程。其中氨合成工段是合成氨工艺的中心环节。新鲜原料气的摩尔分数组成如下：H273.25%，N225.59%，CH41.65%,Ar0.51%合成操作压力为31MPa，合成塔入口气的组成为NH3(3.0%),CH4+Ar(15.5%),要求合成塔出口气中氨的摩尔分数达到17%。通过查阅相关文献和资料，设计了年产五万吨合成氨厂合成工段的工艺流程，并借助CAD技术绘制了该工艺的管道及仪表流程图和设备布置图。最后对该工艺流程进行了物料衡算、能量衡算，并根据设计任务及操作温度、压力按相关标准对工艺管道的尺寸和材质进行了选择。关键词：物料衡算，氨合成，能量衡算The Design of 50kt/a Synthetic Ammonia ProcessAbstract:There are ?many types of Ammonia synthesis technology and process,Generally,they includes ammonia synthesis, separation and recycling, inert gases Emissions and other basic steps, Combining the above basic stepsturnning into the ammonia synthesis reaction and recycling process , in which ammonia synthesis section is the central part of a synthetic ammonia process.The task of curriculum design is theammonia synthesis section of an annual fifty thousand tons synthetic ammonia plant . The composition of fresh feed gas is: H2(73.77%),N2(24.56%),CH4(1.27%),Ar(0.4%), the temperature is 35℃, the operating pressure is 31MPa, the inlet gas composition of the Reactor is : NH3(3.0%),CH4+Ar(15.7%),it Requires the mole fraction of ammonia reacheds to 16.8% of outlet gas of synthesis reactor. By consulting the relevant literature and information,we designed the ammonia synthesis section of an annual fifty thousand tons synthetic ammonia plant, with the help of CAD technology,we designed piping and instrument diagram and equipment layout. Finally,we did the material balance accounting ,and the energy balanceaccounting of the process, also we selected piping size and material according to the design operation of temperature, pressure and relevant standards .Keywords:ammonia synthesis section material balance accounting energy balanceaccounting1 引言1.1 氨的基本用途氨是基本化工产品之一，用途很广。化肥是农业的主要肥料，而其中的氮肥又是农业上应用最广泛的一种化学肥料，其生产规模、技术装备水平、产品数量，都居于化肥工业之首，在国民经济中占有极其重要的地位。各种氮肥生产是以合成氨为主要原料的，因此，合成氨工业的发展标志着氮肥工业的水平。以氨为主要原料可以制造尿素、硝酸铵、碳酸氢铵、硫酸铵、氯化铵等氮素肥料。还可以将氨加工制成各种含氮复合肥料