美国数学建模竞赛特等奖论文——2005 A O Through the Breach Modeling Flooding from a Dam Failure in South Carolina【数学建模】.pdfVIP

218 The UMAPJournal 26.3 (2005) Through the Breach: Modeling Flooding from a Dam Failure in South Carolina Jennifer Kohlenberg Michael Barnett Scott Wood University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada Advisor: James Brooke Summary The Saluda Dam, separating Lake Murray from the Saluda River in South Carolina, could breach in the event of an earthquake. We develop a model to analyze the flow from four possible types of dam breaches and the propagation of the floodwaters: *instant total failure, where a large portion of the dam erodes instantly; *delayed total failure, where a large portion of the dam slowly erodes; *piping, where a small hole forms and eventually opens into a full breach; and *overtopping, where the dam erodes to form a trapezoidal breach. We develop two models for the spread of the downstream floodwaters. Both use a discrete-grid approach, modelling the region as a set of cells, each with an elevation and a volume of water. The Force Model uses cell velocities, gravity, and the pressure ofneighbouring cells to model water flow. The Down- hill Model assumes that flow rates are proportional to the height differences between the water in adjacent cells. The Downhill Model is efficient, intuitive, flexible, and could be applied to any region with known elevation data. Its two parameters smooth and regulate water flow,but the models predictions depend little on their values. For a Saluda Dam breach, the total extent of the flooding is 106.5 2 kmi ; it does not reach the State Capitol. The flooding in Rawls Creek extends 4.4 km upstream and covers an area of 1.6-2.4 km 2 . The text of this paper appears on pp. 245-261. The UMAPJourna126(3) (2005) 218. QCopyright 2005 by COMAP, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to ma