IPv6技术讲座.pptVIP

IPv6技术讲座 滕小玲 teng@ 北京大学计算中心 主要内容 为什么使用IPv6 IPv6主要特性 IPv6报头 IPv6地址 IPv6的发展历程 为什么使用IPv6 The Case for IPv6 IPv4所面临的问题 IPv4的地址严重匮乏 路由表急剧膨胀 网络安全 暂时的解决方法 NAT CIDR IPv6主要特性 Larger Address Space 128位 Aggregation-based address hierarchy Efficient backbone routing Efficient and Extensible IP datagram No fragmentation by routers 64 bits field alignement Simpler basic header Autoconfiguration Security IP Renumbering part of the protocol IPv6报头 IPv6报头 Version(4bits) 6 for IPv6 Traffic Class(8 bits) ~TOS in IPv4 identify classes and priorities(diffserv) Flow Label(20 bits) PayloadLength( 16 bits) Next Header(8bits) Extensible header structure Hop Limit (8 bits) ~ TTL in IPv4 IPv6地址类型 RFC2373 可聚集全球地址（ Aggregateable Global Unicast Addresses） 001 1/8 total space 链路本地地址（Link-Local Unicast Addresses） 1111111010 1/1024 total space 节点本地地址（Site-Local Unicast Addresses） 1111111011 1/1024 total space 多点传送地址（ Multicast Addresses） 1/256 total space IPv6地址 Unicast addresses Link-Local FE80::/10 automatically configured with interface id used for neighbor and router discovery Aggregateable Global 2000::/3 IPv6地址 Multicast Addresses RFC2375 IPv6 Multicast Address Assignment FF00::/8 FFfs::/16 f: flag 0: permanent; 1: not permanent s: scope 1: node 2: link 5: site 8: organization E: global FF02::1 all nodes on the local network FF02::2 all routers on the local network IPv6地址 Anycast Addresses RFC2526 Reserved IPv6 Subnet Anycast Addresses Advantages of anycast routing optimization server load Anycast address style IPv6地址表示 Format is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x x is a 16 bit hexadecimal field FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210 Leading zeros in a field are optional :: can be used to represent multiple groups of 16 bits of zero :: can only be used once in an address FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 = FF01::101 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 = ::1 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 = :: IPv6地址表示 Loopback Addresses ::1 Like in IPv4 Automatic IPv6 Over IPv4 Tunnel ::IPv4 address IPv4 Compatible Addresses ::FF