Urban problems城市问题.ppt

Urban problems城市問題 Housing problems 房屋問題 Definition Housing is not only a shelter to weather, but also includes access to such basic services as electricity, water and transport. Therefore, problem occurs when the quantity and quality of provision of housing do not reach satisfactory levels. 房屋不單是天氣的庇護處，但亦應包括基本服務，如電力、食水和交通的獲取度。所以，當這些數量和質素未能到達滿意的水平時，問題就會出現。 Housing problems房屋問題 Inadequate quantity 數量不足 Housing shortage 房屋不足 Overcrowding 擠迫 Poor quality 質素低劣 Slums 貧民區 Squatters 寮屋區 Poor sanitation, pollution, social problems… 差劣衛生、污染、社會問題 Urban decay 城市衰落 1.1 Housing Problems in LDCs 欠發達國家的房屋問題 1.1.1 Causes and Impacts of Housing Problem in LDCs  欠發達國家房屋問題的成因和影響 Inadequate quantity 數量不足 Large natural increase高自然增長 Rapid rural-urban migration from rural push factors因農村推因素而玫的急速鄉城遷移 Over-population and pseudo-urbanization 人口過多及偽城市化 Poor quality 低劣質素 Urban slums 貧民區 Squatters 寮屋區 On the roof tops 天台 Hillslopes fringing the urban areas 市區邊緣的山坡 On boats in the sheltered coastal areas 在避風塘中的船隻 Environmental pollution 環境污染 Workshops and retail units intermingle with residential units 工場和零售舖與住宅區混合起來 Fire hazards 火災 Built of wood and cardboard 由木材和紙板所造成 Social problems 社會問題 Family conflicts 家庭衝突 Mental distresses 精神問題 Theft, robberies, crimes, etc 偷竊、搶劫、罪案等等 1.1.2 Solutions to housing problems in LDCs 在欠發國家中決房屋問題的方法 To upgrade the squatters and shanty town 提升寮屋和貧民區的質素 To increase job opportunities, esp in rural areas 增加就業機會，特別在農村地區 To control the migratory flows 控制遷移流量 Birth control 生育控制 1.1.3 Case study: Kuala Lumpur 例子研讀︰吉隆坡 The city has grown rapidly since WWII 吉隆坡在第二次世界大戰之後急速增長 1947:176,000; in the late 1970s: 820,000 poverty is also widespread 貧窮仍是常見的問題 Housing problems in Kuala Lumpur吉隆坡的房屋問題 Increasing pressure on urban resources and services 對城市資源和服務壓力的上升 High population densities and Inadequate amenities 高人口密度和設施的不足 Squatter settlements 寮屋聚落 Living conditions in many squatter camps are poor 許多寮屋區的居住條件都十分惡劣 Solutions to the s