陆生动物副产品在水产饲料中的应用.pptVIP

陆生动物副产品在水产饲料中的应用Use of Terrestrial Animal By-products in Aquatic Feeds Ian Forster, Ph.D. 海洋研究所Oceanic Institute Waimanalo, Hawaii, USA 概要Summary 为什么要研究动物副产品Why look at by-products? 什么样的副产品可以利用What by-products are available? 在水产饲料中的适用性What is known about suitability in aquaculture feeds? 要解决的问题What are the issues to be resolved? 结论Conclusion 水产饲料Aquatic Feeds 所有动物需要平衡可利用氨基酸的来源 All animals require sources of balanced, available amino acids 饲料需要在养殖环境中提供能为特定品种水产所接受（适口性好）的氨基酸Feeds need to provide amino acids, and be acceptable (palatable) to the species they are targeted for within the culture environment 氨基酸（蛋白质）是大部分水产饲料最昂贵的成分 Sources of amino acids (protein) are one of the most expensive components of most aquaculture feeds 确保饲料提供可利用、适口性好的氨基酸可以降低饲养成本、提高饲养效率和降低饲料的污染Ensuring that feeds provide the amino acids animals in available and palatable form will reduce cost of feeding, improve farm efficiency and reduce pollution from feed 白虾的蛋白质需要Protein Requirement of L. vannamei 蛋白需要其实是氨基酸需要Protein requirement is really a need for essential amino acids 蛋白的需要量有很多人研究过得到了不同的结果Requirement levels of protein have been estimated by many researchers with different results ≥36% (Smith et al. 1985), 30% (Cousin et al. 1993), 15% Aranyakananda 1993), 20.2-24.5% (Velasco et al. 2000) 影响白虾最佳蛋白需要量的因素Factors Affecting the Optimum level of Protein in L. vannamei 生长阶段：总的来说，幼小动物蛋白需要量高。Life stage: In general, higher level of protein is required by younger animals. This is believed to be true of shrimp (Colvin and Brand 1977) 蛋白来源：消化率高、平衡的蛋白在采食量低时生长较佳。Protein source: Highly digestible, well-balanced proteins generate growth better at lower intake 环境：富营养条件下养的虾在较低蛋白水平下生长较好。Environment: Shrimp reared in highly eutrophic conditions (i.e., high floc, pond) can grow well with lower level of dietary protein 饲喂频率： Kureshy and Davis 2002 发现饲喂频率低时高质量蛋白的生长较好。最佳可消化蛋白摄入量为43 -46?g?DP/kg/d 。蛋白水平最低为32%。Feed rate: Kureshy and Davis 2002 found that higher protein feeds could be fed at a lower rate to achieve b