武汉大学病毒学双语版Chapter5-1.pptVIP

Expression Learning Objectives: On completing this session, you should be able to: Describe a generalized replication cycle for each of the seven virus genome types. Explain how the pattern of gene expression of a virus is determined by the structure of the virus genome how it is replicated. Understand the role of post-transcriptional events in controlling virus gene expression. Expression of Genetic Information The most critical interaction between a virus its host cell is the requirement by the virus for the cellular apparatus of nucleic acid protein synthesis. The course of virus replication is determined by tight control of gene expression. There are fundamental differences in the control of these processes in prokaryotic eukaryotic cells. These differences inevitably affect the viruses that utilize them as hosts. In addition, the relative simplicity compact size of virus genomes (compared with those of even the simplest cell) imposes further constraints. Cells have evolved varied complex mechanisms for controlling gene expression by utilizing their extensive genetic capacity. Conversely, viruses have had to achieve highly specific quantitative, temporal, spatial control of expression with much more limited genetic resources. Expression of Genetic Information Viruses have counteracted their genetic limitations by the evolution of a range of solutions to the problem of gene expression: Powerful positive negative signals which promote or repress gene expression Highly compressed genomes in which overlapping reading frames are commonplace Control signals which are frequently nested within other genes Several strategies designed to create multiple polypeptides from a single messenger RNA Control of ProkaryoteGene Expression Genetic control in bacteria is exercised both at the level of transcription at subsequent (post-transcriptional) stages of gene expression. Initiation of transcription is regulated primarily in a negative fashion by the synthesis o