武汉大学病毒学双语版Chapter5-2.pptVIP

ExpressionPart 2 Part 1 Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression Few other genomes, virus or cellular, have been studied in such detail as that of SV40, which has been a paradigm for the study of eukaryotic transcription mechanisms for many years. The SV40 genome encodes two T-antigens (tumour antigens) known as large T-antigen small T-antigen after the sizes of the proteins. Replication of the double-stranded DNA genome of SV40 occurs in the nucleus of the host cell. Transcription of the genome is carried out by host cell RNA polymerase II large T-antigen plays a vital role in regulating transcription of the virus genome. Small T-antigen is not essential for virus replication, but allows virus DNA to accumulate in the nucleus. Both proteins contain nuclear localization signals which results in their accumulation in the nucleus, where they migrate after being synthesized in the cytoplasm. The SV40 Genome SV40 Gene Expression Soon after infection of permissive cells, early mRNAs are expressed from the early promoter, which contains a strong transcription enhancer element (the 72 bp sequence repeats), allowing it to be active in newly infected cells. The early proteins synthesized are the two T-antigens. As the concentration of large T-antigen builds up in the nucleus, transcription of early genes is repressed by direct binding of the protein to the origin region of the virus genome, preventing transcription from the early promoter causing the switch to the late phase of infection. Large T-antigen is also required for replication of the virus genome. After DNA replication has occurred, transcription of the late genes occurs from the late promoter results in the synthesis of the structural proteins, VP1, VP2 VP3. SV40 Gene Expression Retrovirus Gene Expression Integrated DNA proviruses are formed by reverse transcription of the RNA retrovirus genome. The presence of numerous binding sites for cellular transcription factors in the long terminal repeats (LTRs)