英语基础学习1.doc

词汇及语法知识汇总 1.be动词顺口溜: (我I)用am,(你you)用are,is跟着(他he),(她she),(它it),is跟着单数走,复数永远连着are 2.一般疑问句: 1)由be动词(am/is/are)开头的问句:Is he a pupil?Are you a teacher? 2)助动词do/does开头的问句 3)情态动词can开头的问句 4)动词have/has开头的问句 3. 规则名词单数变复数： 1)一般情况下，在名词后加-s; 2)词尾是s,x,ch,sh结尾的词，在词尾后加-es; 3)“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i，再加-es;以y结尾的专有名词或“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加-s; 4)以“元音字母+o”结尾的词，在词尾加-s;“辅音字母+o”结尾的词，在词尾加-es; 5)以-f/fe结尾的词，变复数，将-f/fe改为v加es; 顺口溜:妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。 注：roof-roofs 写出下列名词的单（复）数形式： boy________butterfly________month________watch________photo________tomato_________foot________child___________man_________sheep_________teeth_________women________fish________mice___________potatoes_______radios________knives________babies________boxes_______toys___________family_________book_________horse________glass_________tooth________Chinese________knife__________bus__________box__________desk________baby________men___________bed___________deer__________fish__________ox__________texts________leaf__________factory_________thief_________mouse_________deer________German______Englishman__________________Japanese_______apple_________toy_________chair_________student________woman_______film_________bird____________bus_________map__________hero__________dish__________class________radio____________church_____party______ 4.一般疑问句的否定结构: 把not放在一般疑问句的主语之后,即构成一般疑问句的否定结构.eg.Is she not a student?eg.Have you not any sisters?eg.Can she not do it? 5.陈述句转疑问句及回答: This is a watch.-(Is this a watch?Yes,it is(不许缩写).No,it isn’t(必须缩写). 6.陈述句变否定句: This is a watch.→This is not(isn’t) a watch. 7.主要字母组合的发音 字母组合 发音 例词 ar [a:] car,bar,far,star al [?:] small ay [ei] play ea [i：] tea,beat,read,eat [ei] break,great [e] bread ee [i：] bee,see,Lee,jeep ei [ei] eight oo [u] cook,foot,look,classroom [u：] boot,food,gooes,room oa [?u] coat,boat,goat oi [?i] oil ir [?:] bird oor [?:] door oy [?i] boy ow [au] how [ ?u] Know ou [au] house or [?:] work,world,worse [?] d