考虑信号灯作用的交通流模型.docVIP

  考虑信号灯作用的交通流模型# 5 10  摘要：为解决常规微观交通流模型在描述与信号灯作用方面的不足,结合元胞自动机模型和 跟驰模型的优点,建立了新的元胞跟驰交通流模型,该模型在建立信号灯作用函数的基础上, 分别建立了交通队列中的头车和跟驰车在路段和路口上的运动模型．在路段上,设立大粒度 的速度变化阈值区间,在每一阈值区间,设定最大行驶速度,车辆围绕该速度进行跟驰运动．在 路口,当车辆以头车到达停车线位置时,根据信号灯状态决策继续行驶或停车;若非头车,则继 续跟驰运动．大量仿真实验验证了该模型的有效性和正确性． 关键词：交通流模型；元胞自动机模型; 跟驰模型;信号控制路口;交通仿真 中图分类号：TP39 U491 15 Traffic flow model with traffic signal impact ZHANG Lidong1, ZHANG Mengmeng1, ZHU Wenxing2 (1. Department of Jiaotong and Wuliu,Shandong Jiaotong College,Jinan Shandong,250023 China; 2. Department of control science and engineering, Shandong University,Jinan 20 25 30 35 40 Shandong,250061,China) Abstract: The traditional microscopic traffic flow model can not describe the interaction between car and traffic signal lights, while putting more emphasis on the interaction among cars． In consideration of this factor, a cellular automaton combined with car following model is presented, in which a car changes its speed according to its headway by integer times．On the study of traffic signal function, the model of leading car and following car at road and cross was presented respectively．At road segment, to set large distance threshold intervals with a defined maximum velocity, which defines a car’s velocity wave trend．Approaching cross, when a car reaches the stop line as a leading car, the signal state decides its next movement． If it is a following car, it obeys following rules．At last, many simulations’ results prove the model’s feasibility and correctness． Key words: traffic flow theory; cellular automation model; car-following model; signalized control cross; traffic simulation 0 引言 交通流模型是分析交通流特性，实现交通流预测、控制的基础．交通流模型一般分分为 宏观交通流模型、中观交通流模型和微观交通流模型[1]，其中微观交通流模型更利于从微观 角度探讨交通流的动态变化特性，而成为研究的重点方向之一，在元胞自动机模型和跟驰模 型方面有大量的成果[2-7]．从城市交通特点入手，信号灯对交通流的影响是一重要因素，针 对这一具体的物理现象，张萌萌等建立了开放性边界的一维元胞自动机模型,以模拟主干路 协调控制系统交通流[3]．张剑等人提出描述交通灯控制下城市道路交通流动力学演化过程的 元胞自动机模型，研究得出交通灯对于路段上车辆的影响具有全局性[4]．祝会兵等人考虑了 司机和车辆的敏感系数，改进了 NaSch 模型,研究了信号灯控制下的交通流特性 [5]  -1-   等人改进了现有跟驰模型，提出了一个考虑信号灯影