EMS诱变水稻散生资源的评价及遗传分析.doc

  EMS 诱变水稻散生资源的评价及遗传分析# 马玲，杜川，胡思淋，桑贤春，赵芳明，何光华** （西南大学水稻研究所/转基因植物与安全控制重庆市重点实验室/南方山地农业教育部工 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 程研究中心，重庆 400715） 摘要：分蘖角度是构成水稻理想株型和高产育种的重要性状之一。本研究用甲基磺酸乙酯 (EMS)处理水稻优良籼型恢复系缙恢 10 号，获得了 8 份能够稳定遗传的水稻散生突变体，其 分蘖角度均极显著大于缙恢 10 号（32.24。），均属极散生资源，分蘖角最小的 ta15 突变 体也达 51.63。。而且有 4 份散生突变体的多数农艺性状与野生型没有显著差异，因而这些 散生突变体具有更大的利用价值。遗传分析发现，8 份突变体的散生性状均受单隐性核基因 控制。这些结果为水稻株型发育机理的研究提供了良好的遗传资源。 关键词：水稻；分蘖角度突变体；利用评价；遗传分析 中图分类号：S511 Genetic Analysis and Evaluating of Eight Mutants of Lazy Habit in Rice Growth Treated by EMS MA Ling, DU Chuan, HU Siling, SANG Xxianchun, ZHAO Fangming, HE Guanghua (Rice Research Institute，Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops，Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education，Southwest University, ChongQing 400715) Abstract: Tiller angel is one important trait for ideal plant type and high yield breeding in rice. Eight mutants for tiller angle with genetic stability were obtained, derived from excellent rice restorer Jinhui 10 treated by EMS. They are all mutants of lazy habit in rice growth, whose tiller angles were significantly larger than that of Jinhui 10, and even the smallest tiller angel in mutant tal5 was 51.63. Moreover, four mutants exhibited no significant difference in most agronomic traits compared with those of Jinhui 10, which indicated these mutants had important value in use. Genetic analysis indicated that these mutants were all controlled by one recessive nuclear gene. These results provide good genetic resources for studying the mechanism of plant type development in rice. Keywords: Rice (Oryza sativa L.); Mutant for tiller angel; Evaluation in use; Genetic analysis 0 引言 水稻是世界上重要的粮食作物之一，我国的水稻种植面积居世界第二位，总产量居第一 位。但是近 30 年来，我国的水稻种植面积以年均约 0.7%的速度减少。面对人口持续增长， 人均耕种面积逐年下降的严峻趋势，提高单产已成为维持或进一步提高我国水稻总产量的唯 一途径[1]。水稻产量的形成除受外界环境不可控因素影响外，与水稻有效穗数、穗粒数、结 实率和千粒重等因素密切相关[2]。分蘖是影响水稻穗数进而影响产量的重要农艺性状之一， 是单子叶植物在生长发育过程中形成的一种特殊的分枝特性，其发生状况是水稻个体健壮程 度的一个重要指标[3]。理想的株型是水稻发挥高产基因的载