玉米、高粱和小麦颖果养分运输组织的对比.docVIP

  玉米、高粱和小麦颖果养分运输组织的对比 郑彦坤，王忠，顾蕴洁** （扬州大学生技学院，江苏扬州 225009） 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 摘要：用不同显微镜和扫描电镜观察与比较了玉米、高粱和小麦的颖果养分运输组织，结果 如下：1）玉米颖果维管束比高粱和小麦发达。2）玉米和高粱颖果有胎座-合点区，而小麦 颖果有合点和珠心突起传递细胞；高粱和小麦颖果有明显质外体腔。3）玉米胚乳传递细胞 壁内突很多，高粱较少，小麦更少；玉米和高粱胚乳传递细胞几乎不积累养分，而小麦胚乳 传递细胞外层积累糊粉粒，内层积累淀粉体。4）玉米胚乳输导细胞多而长，高粱胚乳输导 细胞短而少，小麦胚乳输导细胞则更短少；玉米和高粱的胚乳输导细胞比小麦衰亡慢。5） 玉米和高粱的胚周围胚乳细胞比小麦衰亡慢。根据以上结果得出以下结论：1）进入玉米、 高粱和小麦颖果的养分，依次经过母体运输组织、质外体空间和胚乳运输组织，最终进入胚 和胚乳淀粉贮藏细胞；2）玉米的颖果维管束、胚乳传递细胞和胚乳输导细胞明显比小麦和 高粱的发达，推测它的运输能力较强。 关键词：玉米；高粱；小麦；颖果养分运输组织 Contrast of caryopsis nutrient transport tissues in maize, sorghum and wheat ZHENG Yankun, WANG Zhong, GU Yunjie (Bioscience and Biotechnology School, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009) Abstract: Maize, sorghum and wheat caryopsis nutrient transport tissues were compared and observed under different microscopes and scanning electron microscope. The results as follows: (1) The maize caryopsis vascular bundle was more advanced than sorghum and wheat. (2) Maize and sorghum caryopses had placentochalaza, while wheat caryopsis had chalaza and nucellar projection transfer cells; wheat and sorghum caryopses had obvious apoplastic cavity. (3) Wall ingrowths of endosperm transfer cells were many in maize, fewer in sorghum and much fewer in wheat; maize and sorghum endosperm transfer cells almost accumulated no nutrients, while the outmost layer of wheat endosperm transfer cells accumulated aleurone granules and the inner layers accumulated starch granules. (4) Endosperm conducting cells were long and many in maize, shorter and fewer in sorghum and much shorter and fewer in wheat; endosperm conducting cells degenerated slower in maize and sorghum than in wheat. (5) Embryo surrounding region cells degenerated slower in maize and sorghum than in wheat. According to the results above, it is concluded: (1) Nutrients getting into maize, sorghum and wheat caryopses get through maternal transport tissues, apoplastic cavity and endosperm transport tissues, and finally get into embryo and