e23.Development of the face, neck and limbs颜面和四肢发生.pptVIP

组织胚胎学课件 七年制英文医学班专用 Chapter 23 Development of the face, neck and limbs 1. Development of branchial apparatus * branchial apparatus: including branchial arch, branchial groove, branchial membrane and branchial pouch ---by the 4th week, ---frontonasal prominence: mesenchymal proliferation of ventral surface of brain vesicle ---heart prominence: development of heart ---primitive pharynx: cranial part of the foregut ---branchial or pharyngeal arch: /proliferation of mesenchyma of primitive pharynx /6 pairs ---branchial groove: the depressions between branchial arch ---branchial pouch: /outpocketings of endoderm of primitive pharynx /opposed to branchial groove ---branchial membrane: the thin membrane between branchial groove and branchial pouch 2. Formation of face ---five elevations /frontonasal prominence /maxillary prominence: paired, upper branches of first branchial arch /mandibular prominence: paired, lower branches of first branchial arch ---stomodeum /the depression between five elevations /opposed to primitive pharynx by buccopharyngeal membrane, will break down, then stomodeum communicates with the foregut ---nasal placode: by the 5th week, thickening of ectoderm of lower part of frontonasal prominence ---nasal pit: depressions in nasal placode ---median nasal prominence and lateral nasal prominence: proliferation of mesenchyme at the margins of the nasal placodes ---by the 5th week, right and left mandibular prominences fuse to form the lower jaws and lips ---by the 6th week, medial nasal prominence merge to give rise to median portion of the nose, middle portion of upper lip, the philtrum ---by the 6-7th week, maxillary prominence fuse with median and lateral nasal prominences to give rise to upper jaw, lateral portion of upper lip, lateral portion of nose ---by the end of 6th week, nasal pits deepen and fuse to form nasal sac, separate with oral cavity by oronasal membrane, then this membrane ruptures by the 7th week, primitive nas