平面问题基本理论2.pptVIP

解： BC边：?y=0 ; ?yx=0 DE边: AB边：?x = -?gy; ?xy =0 例3、写出图示结构AB、BC 、DE的应力边界条 件水的重度为? E x y A B C D N ? ? cos(N,x)=cos?=l cos(N,y)=cos(90?+?)=-sin?=m l?x+m?xy=X m?y+l?xy=Y cos???x-sin???xy=0 -sin???y+cos???xy=0 二、圣维南原理(Saint-Venant’s Principle) 在求解弹性力学问题时，要使应力分量、形变分量、位移分量满足基本方程并不困难，但要完全、精确地满足边界条件，却往往发生很大困难。 In solving an elasticity problem,it’s rather easy to obtain the stresses,strains and displacements which satisfy all the basic equations. However we often encounter difficulties in having all the boundary conditions completely satisfied. * * 2 Theory of Plane Problems 2—1 Plane Stress and Plane Strain 2—2 Differential Equations of Equilibrium 2—3 Geometrical Equations. Rigid-body Displacement 2—4 Physical Equations 2—5 Stress at a Point 2—6 Boundary Conditions. Saint-Venant’s Principle 2—7 Solution of Plane Problem in Terms of Displacements 2—8 Solution of Plane Problem in Terms of Stresses 2—9 Case of Constant Body Forces. Stress Function 平面问题中，基本未知量为：?x，?y，?xy，?x，?y，?xy，u，v（八个） 求解平面问题的基本方程： 平衡微分方程（2个） Differential Equations of Equilibrium 几何方程 （3个） Geometrical Equations 物理方程 （3个） Physical Equations 再考虑边界条件(Boundary Conditions )，即可求出所有未知量。 (Differential Equations of Equilibrium for a plane problem) （ Geometrical Equations for a plane problem ） If we replace E by E/(1-?2)and ? by ?/(1-?) in the physical equations for plane stress problems, the physical equations for plane strain problems are obtain. Plane stress problem Plane strain problem When the stress components ?x，?y，?xy at a certain point P are known, we can compute the stress acting on any plane passing through this point, parallel to the z axis but inclined to the x and y axes. STRESS AT A POINT. PRINCIPAL STRESSES 2—5 平面问题中一点的应力状态 过同一点P的不同截面上，应力是不相同的，在平面问题中，可以用?x，?y，?xy来描述一点的应力状态。 We can compute the stress acting on any plane passing through this point，parallel to the z axis . 即：已知?x，?y，?xy求过P点任意截面上的应力 ?y ?yx ?xy ?x X Y x y o