周波—M3-U1- Project-20130228.ppt

Shark Species What are Sharks? Sharks are fish that have been living around us since the dinosaurs. Males are called “Bulls”. Females are called “Cows”. Baby Sharks are called “Pups”. Other shark facts: Sharks have five to seven gill slits. Many sharks must keep moving in order to breathe, that is, in order to keep water moving past their gill slits but this is not true for all species. Nurse sharks, for example, can lie still and fan their gills to bring oxygen-rich water across the slits. Because they lack a swim bladder, all sharks must swim in order to avoid sinking towards the ocean floor. The shark has senses specially adapted for the animal’s life underwater. Smell is a shark’s most acute sense. About 70 percent of the shark’s brain is used for olfactory (smelling)? functions. Experiments have shown that sharks can detect prey solely by smell, and the hungrier the shark is, the less stimulant needed to elicit a reaction. Sharks are sensitive to light and can detect certain objects even in dark water. Just like cats and other animals whose eyes ‘glow in the dark’. Fast reading: 1. Are sharks frightening? 2. How many different types of sharks are there in the ocean? Do all of them attack humans? 3. Do sharks feed on humans if they have the choice? 4. What are the three types of shark attacks? 5. Why have shark attacks been increasing recently? Three fierce sharks : Read the text again and try to find out the topic sentence of each paragraph. (The topic sentences may appear at the beginning of the paragraph, or at the end.) Paragraph 1: 30 out of 400 sharks may attack humans. Paragraph 2: There are three types of shark attacks. Paragraph 3: Advice on helping reduce the chances of being attacked. Paragraph 4: Three tips to help you when attacked by a shark. Paragraph 5: Do not be frightened by sharks. Four pieces of advice to avoid shark attacks: Don’t swim in the dark. Don’t swim if you have a fresh wound. Don’t wear bright clothing or j