语言学教程第三版03Chapter3lexicon.pptVIP

* Acronym AIDS, Aids: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ASAP: as soon as possible CD-ROM: compact disc read-only memory WASP: white Anglo-Saxon protestant dink(y): double income, no kids nilk(y): no income, lots of kids Initialism AI: artificial intelligence a.s.a.p.: as soon as possible ECU: European Currency Unit HIV: human immunodeficiency virus PC: personal computer PS: postscript RSVP: répondez s’il vous plait (‘please reply’ in French) Analogical creation From irregular to regular: work: wrought worked beseech: besought beseeched slay: slew slayed? go: went goed??? Borrowing French: administration, parliament, public, court, crime, judge, army, enemy, officer, peace, soldier, war, faith, religion, coat, costume, dress, fashion, jewel, dinner, feast, fry, roast, supper, toast, customer, money, price, art, college, music, poet, prose, story, study Latin: admit, client, conviction, discuss, equal, index, library, medicine, minor Greek: catastrophe, cosmos, criterion, idiosyncrasy Spanish and Portuguese: banana, barbecue, cafeteria, cargo, chocolate, cigar, cocaine, cockroach, cocoa, guitar, mosquito, negro, potato, tank, tobacco, tomato, vanilla Italian: aria, bandit, broccoli, casino, concerto, duet, finale, influenza, mafia, malaria, paparazzi (singular paparazzo), piano, pizza, solo, soprano, spaghetti, studio, umbrella, volcano Dutch: boss, brandy, cookie, cruise, deck, dock, dollar, freight, gin, kit, knapsack, landscape, luck, sketch, slim, smuggle, snap, trek, yacht Arabic: admiral, alchemy, alcohol, algebra, alkali, almanac, assassin, candy, hazard, lemon, magazine, safari, sofa, zero Indian: bungalow, cashmere, curry, ginger, jungle, mango, polo, pyjamas (or pajamas), shampoo, swastika, thug, yoga Chinese: chop suey, chow, chow mein, ginseng, gung-ho, ketchup (or catchup or catsup), kung fu, tea, tofu (via Japanese), typhoon Types of loan words Loanwords: au pair, encore, coup d’etat, kungfu, sputnik Loanblend coconut: coco (Spanish) + nut (English