跨文化交际2.pptVIP

3.3.5 Culture Is Integrated (文化是一个整体) As E.T.Hall (New York) said, “You touch a culture in one place and everything else is affected.” That is to say: If you touch one part of the world , you touch all parts. Through this chapter, we may figure out that culture functions as integrated whole are systemic, like communication. 3.3.6 Culture Is Ethnocentric Ethnocentric: The belief that one’s culture is primary to all explanations of reality One culture thinks that the eating of animals is cruel and abnormal; the earrings should be placed on the ears, not on the nose. males or females living together in the same apartment are gays or lesbians; unwed mothers are “babies having babies”, not a humiliation; hugging should be done between lovers, not among friends; But another culture holds different opinions. case All individuals must eat in order to survive– but what people eat, when they eat, ,and the manners in which they are all patterned by culture. No society views everything in its environment that is edible and might provide nourishment as food. American eat oysters but not snail. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Zulus eat locusts but not fish. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russians eat beef but not snakes. The Chinese eat snakes… … Ethnocentrism can arise excessive, serious communication problems. It takes on a negative condition and becomes “destructive” It impedes/influences communication and blocks the exchange of ideas and skills among people. It provides the bases for derogatory evaluations, and rebuffs/refuses change. It may bring culture shock. 3.3.7 Culture Is Adaptive（文化具有顺应性） Cultures are quite adaptive. Adaptation means something that is changed or modified to suit new conditions or needs. Adaptive means “able to be adapted.” History shows us with examples of how cultures have changed because of laws, natural disasters, wars, or others. The writer gives us a good example of changing sex roles in th