论卢梭自然主义倾向的政治思想-定.docVIP

论卢梭自然主义倾向的政治思想 吉首大学马克思主义学院 2008级思想政治教育专业 摘 要：自然主义人性论是卢梭政治思想的理论基础与更高层次的理论终点。卢梭认为人的善良本性是历史地发展出来的，这给他的进步的民主政治思想奠定了理论基础。人的本性是善，自然状态是最适合人类本性的状态，但自我保存的需要使人类进入腐败堕落的社会状态。在社会状态中，为了保障人们的利益，作为公共意志的社会契约产生。最终，这种否定之否定的思想把自然状态的好处和社会状态的优点结合起来,从而使人类在更高水平上回复到自然状态的自由和平等。因此，他的政治思想具有自然主义倾向。 关键词：卢梭；自然主义；政治思想 On the Political Thought of Rousseau’s Naturalistic Tendency Wu Yi Major in Ideological and Political Education of Grade 2008, School of Marxism, Jishou University Abstract: The naturalistic theory of human nature is Rousseaus theoretical foundation of political thought and the theoretical destination on a higher level. Rousseau thought the good nature of people was historically developed, which laid the theoretical foundation of his progressive democratic political thought. The nature of people is good, and the state of nature is the most suitable state for the nature of human beings, but the need for Self-preservation makes human beings enter the corrupt state of society. As the public will, the social contract was produced to guarantee interests for the people in the state of society. Ultimately，the negation of the negation thought combines the benefits of the state of nature and the advantages of the state of society, so that human beings restore the freedom and the equality of the state of nature on a higher level. Consequently, his political thought is naturalistic tendency. Keywords: Rousseau, naturalism, political thought 一、自然主义的含义和特征 自然主义是一个古老的概念，它坚持从自然的立场出发解释自然界、人和社会，在哲学和政治思想发展史中占有重要的地位。本部分考察自然主义的定义和自然主义的本质特征，以便更好地理解卢梭的自然主义倾向的政治思想。 （一）自然主义的含义 在词典中，自然主义（Naturalism）的释义是:“Most generally, a sympathy with the view that ultimately nothing resists explanation by the methods characteristic of the natural sciences.”[1] 另一解释是:“The claim that everything is a part of the world of nature and can be explained using the methodology of the natural sciences. Naturalism accepts explanatory monism rather than dualism or pluralism, is committed to science and is opposed to mysticism.”[2]